Abstract
The tendency to use bioactive peptides has increased in recent decades, and research would be essential for recognizing the therapeutic effects of peptides present in animals or food resource. In this study, the in vivo antioxidant and antihypertensive properties of peptides HL-7 with the sequence of YLYELR and HL-10 with the sequence of AFPYYGHHLG were identified from scorpion venom of H. lepturus were evaluated. To study the in vivo effects of peptides, D-galactose-induced and DOCA salt-induced mice models were used. The results of the antioxidant assay for both peptides showed that the activity of serum and liver catalase (CAT), as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, was significantly decreased in the D-galactose-induced group (NC), while MDA levels were increased in serum and the liver tissue samples (p < 0.01). Compared with the D-galactose-induced mice, the peptide treated mice group had a higher activity of antioxidant enzymes namely CAT and SOD, as well as a lower lipid peroxidation level. Also, the results of antihypertensive activity for both peptides showed that systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the mice treated with the HL-7 and HL-10 peptides were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.01). The administration of the HL-7 peptide at doses of 2mg/kg BW (LP1), 5mg/kg BW (-IP1) and 15mg/kg BW (HP1) significantly diminished the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) by 11mmHg, 31mmHg and 40.47mmHg, respectively. Accordingly, treatment of mice with the HL-10 peptide at doses of 2mg/kg BW (LP2), 5mg/kg BW (IP2) and 15mg/kg BW (HP2) considerably lowered the MAP by 8mmHg, 18.3mmHg and 21.93mmHg, respectively. Our findings suggest that both the HL-7 and HL-10 peptides could be potentially utilized as antihypertensive and antioxidant components.
Highlights
Oxygen reactive species (ROS) cause a lot of damage to macromolecules such as DNA, protein, and lipids [1]
The results of antihypertensive activity for both peptides showed that systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the mice treated with the HL-7 and HL-10 peptides were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner (p
The results of the present study showed that the mean activity of CAT enzyme in D-galactose-induced mice was significantly reduced compared with the control group (P < 0.01), which indicated the progression of aging in the D-galactose-treated group (Fig. 1)
Summary
Oxygen reactive species (ROS) cause a lot of damage to macromolecules such as DNA, protein, and lipids [1]. The antioxidant activity of intracellular defense system deals with the damage caused by free radicals. Antioxidant agents inhibit lipid peroxidation by reducing free radicals, stopping the production of radicals, and subsequently decomposing peroxides [1]. In some situations, such as inadequate ROS removal, antioxidant defense system fails to protect cells against oxidative stress [1]. Intracellular antioxidant enzymes include primary and secondary antioxidants [3]. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), which cause inactivation of ROS, are considered the primary antioxidant enzymes. The superoxide anion produced by oxidation of molecular oxygen is converted into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by SOD enzyme. CAT enzyme converts H2O2 into water [5]
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