Abstract
The understanding of how materials fail is still today a fundamental research problem for scientist and engineers. The main concern is the assessment of the necessary conditions to propagate a crack that will eventually lead to failure. Nevertheless, this kind of analysis tends to be more complicated, when a prior history in the material is taken into consideration and it will be extremely important to recognize all the factors involved in this process. In this work, a numerical simulation of the introduction of residual stresses, which change the crack initiation conditions, in a modified compact tensile specimen to change the condition of crack initiation is presented. Four numerical analyses were carried out; an initial evaluation was performed in a specimen without a crack and it was used for the estimation of a residual stress field produced by an overload; three more cases were simulated and a crack was introduced in each specimen (1 mm, 5 mm and 10 mm, respectively). The overload was then applied to set up a residual stress field into the component; furthermore, in each case the crack compliance method (CCM) was applied to measure the induced residual stress field. By performing this numerical simulation, the accuracy of the crack compliance method can be evaluated. On the other hand, elastic-plastic finite element analysis was utilized for the residual stress estimation. The numerical analysis was based on the mechanical properties of a biocompatible material (AISI 316L). The obtained results provided significant data about diverse factors, like; the manner in which a residual stress field could modify the crack initiation conditions, the convenient set up for induction of a beneficial residual stresses field, as well as useful information that can be applied for the experimental implementation of this research.
Highlights
It has been well documented that development of failure could be divided in two basic parts, initiation and spread [1]
This research was performed to validate the use of FEM in the introduction of residual stress and to validate its application to the compliance method (CCM)
The numerical data obtained will facilitate the experimental procedure for the induction of residual stress fields and the application to the CCM
Summary
It has been well documented that development of failure could be divided in two basic parts, initiation and spread [1]. There is a great number of external and internal factors that contribute to the nucleation and propagation of a crack [2]. Slip bands or dislocations and surface scratches can be considered as internal effects, as external factors are considered the effect of forces and deformations. When the development, performance and effect of a crack are analyzed, prior history in the material it is not considered extensively or in a sufficient manner. To consider prior history in the component raises the difficulty of the problem in a substantial way. This is why the simplest way to analyze failure and its consequences is to consider the specimen free of previous history. On the other hand, the manufacture of components will always leave
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