Abstract
Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of the alcoholic extracts of Ruta graveolens leaves in vivo.Methods: Immunomodulatory activity was determined by neutrophil adhesion test, phagocytic activity, haemagglutinating antibody (HA) titre and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response.Results: Oral administration of the extracts (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg bw, p. o) evoked a significant (**P<0.01) increased in percent of neutrophil adhesion to nylon fibers. Both the extracts were also increased the antibody titre in a dose-dependent manner. Oral administration of both the compound significantly (**P<0.01) potentiated delayed type hypersensitivity reaction induced by sheep red blood cells and response towards phagocytosis in carbon clearance assay. In this study indicated that leaves extracts possesses potent immune-modulatory activity in a concentration-dependent manner. The response was statistically significant when compared with the control (*P<0.05, **P<0.01).Conclusion: The study stated that Ruta graveolens leaves extracts showed a significant stimulation of the cell-mediated immunity as well as humoral immunity. Further investigations are required to determine its active constituents and also its mechanism of action.
Highlights
Immunomodulation is the regulation and modulation of immunity either by immunostimulation or by immune suppression [1]
The preliminary phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of Ruta graveolens leaves revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, a phenolic compound, tannins and flavonoids while methanolic extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids and glycosides as essential phytoconstituents
The results showed that ethanolic extract showed most potent neutrophils adhesion than methanolic extract at the concentration of 200 mg/kg bw
Summary
Immunomodulation is the regulation and modulation of immunity either by immunostimulation or by immune suppression [1]. Plants have played a significant role in maintaining human health and improving the quality of human life and provided components of medicines, seasonings, beverages, cosmetics and dyes. There are several herbs used in the indigenous system of medicines that can modulate the body’s immune system. Phytochemicals such as polysaccharides, lectins, peptides, flavonoids, natural sulfur compounds and tannins have been known to modulate the immune system in various in vivo models [1, 3]
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