Abstract
Jatropha gossypifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) is a plant widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but there are few scientific reports validating its activity in this area. In this work and through a bioguided assay, a crude extract stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes up to 30%, thereby reducing insulin resistance induced by fatty acids compared to the basal control. A chromatographic fraction applied intraperitoneally (IP) in mice reduced glucose by 42% in a mouse model of T2DM, after administration of 10 doses during 20 days. A flavanone was purified from this active fraction and its structure was assigned by 1H- and 13C-NMR (1D and 2D) and MS. This compound retains the previously reported activity, stimulating in vitro the glucose uptake in a concentration-dependent manner. This study indicates that Jatropha gossypifolia L. extracts enhance glucose uptake in cultured myotubes and adipocytes and also improving glucose tolerance in an in vivo model.
Highlights
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic degenerative disease characterized by alterations in the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins [1] and is caused by a decrease in insulin secretion, target-tissue resistance and increased hepatic glucose output
C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated with different concentrations (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL) of crude Jatropha extract for 4 h in glucose uptake medium (5 mM glucose DMEM, 100 μg/mL streptomycin sulfate and 100 Units/mL penicillin, without fetal bovine serum (FBS))
The results indicate a decrease in glucose tolerance in diabetic mice (HFD + STZ) compared to controls because the area under the curve (AUC) is greater in the diabetic group
Summary
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic degenerative disease characterized by alterations in the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins [1] and is caused by a decrease in insulin secretion, target-tissue resistance and increased hepatic glucose output. Therapies currently available for the treatment of the different types of diabetes include insulin and various hypoglycemic agents such as sulphonylureas and biguanides. Several compounds from plants used as anti-diabetics have been isolated and identified [4]. Since traditional use of plants does not differentiate between types of diabetes treatments based on traditional medicine often do not work properly. The compounds responsible for the pharmacological action were not identified. This current study aimed to analyze the use of J. gossypifolia by assessing the activity of the extracts, the chromatographic fractions thereof and the purified substances, in two cell lines involved in the pathology of T2DM (increased glucose uptake) and in an in vivo model of T2DM (hypoglycemic activity)
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