Evaluation of the hybridization effect on the thermal and thermo-oxidative stability of bamboo/kenaf/epoxy hybrid composites

Abstract

Bamboo-/kenaf-reinforced epoxy hybrid composites were prepared by hand layup method. The aim of this study is to look into the hybridization effect of bamboo and kenaf fibers at different ratios on thermal and thermo-oxidative (TOD) stabilities of hybrid composites. Three types of hybrid composites were fabricated with different mass ratios of bamboo fiber mat (B) to kenaf fiber mat (K), namely B/K 70:30, B/K 50:50 and B/K 70:30 while maintaining total fiber loading of 40% by mass. The thermal stability and thermo-oxidative (TOD) stability were analyzed by thermogravimetric analyzer. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the oxidation onset temperature (OOT) of all the composites. The results reveal that bamboo composite shows higher thermal stability than kenaf composite in both inert and oxidative atmospheres. An increase in bamboo fibers mass ratio in the hybrid composite improved the thermal and TOD stability. The thermal and TOD stabilities of the hybrid composites follow the sequence of B/K 70: 30 > B/K 50:50 > B/K 30:70. Pure epoxy composite recorded the highest OOT at 197.50 °C. The results show that the addition of natural fiber in the epoxy matrix has significantly reduced the OOT compared to the pure epoxy. Data obtained from this work will help us to fabricate a sustainable and biodegradable component for automotive or building materials.