Abstract
The Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ; McCullough et al., 2002) is one of the most widely used instruments to assess dispositional gratitude. The purpose of this study was to validate a Chinese version of the GQ by examining internal consistency, factor structure, convergent validity, and measurement invariance across sex. A total of 1151 Chinese adults were recruited to complete the GQ, Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scales, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the original unidimensional model fitted well, which is in accordance with the findings in Western populations. Furthermore, the GQ had satisfactory composite reliability and criterion-related validity with measures of life satisfaction and affective well-being. Evidence of configural, metric and scalar invariance across sex was obtained. Tests of the latent mean differences found females had higher latent mean scores than males. These findings suggest that the Chinese version of GQ is a reliable and valid tool for measuring dispositional gratitude and can generally be utilized across sex in the Chinese context.
Highlights
With the emergence of positive psychology, gratitude has become more widely recognized in the literature
A second instrument is the Gratitude Adjective Checklist (GAC) that measures gratitude as an emotion, mood, or disposition depending on the instructions (McCullough et al, 2002)
The current study aimed to examine the validity of the Chinese version of Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ) and measurement invariance across sex
Summary
With the emergence of positive psychology, gratitude has become more widely recognized in the literature. Numerous empirical studies have shown that gratitude is positively related to self-esteem, social support, life satisfaction and affective well-being, and negatively related to anger hostility and depressive symptoms (Emmons and McCullough, 2003; Wood et al, 2008, 2010; Hill et al, 2013; Kong et al, 2015b). This suggests gratitude is a crucial strength for achieving a good life. It is important and necessary to study and measure gratitude
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