Abstract
Nano Ag has excellent antibacterial properties and is widely used in various antibacterial materials, such as antibacterial medicine and medical devices, food packaging materials and antibacterial textiles. Despite the many benefits of nano-Ag, more and more research indicates that it may have potential biotoxic effects. Studies have shown that people who ingest nanoparticles by mouth have the highest uptake in the intestinal tract, and that the colon area is the most vulnerable to damage and causes the disease. In this study, we examined the toxic effects of different concentrations of Ag-NPs on normal human colon cells (NCM460) and human colon cancer cells (HCT116). As the concentration of nanoparticles increased, the activity of the two colon cells decreased and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased. RT-qPCR and Western-blot analyses showed that Ag NPs can promote the increase in P38 protein phosphorylation levels in two colon cells and promote the expression of P53 and Bax. The analysis also showed that Ag NPs can promote the down-regulation of Bcl-2, leading to an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activation of P21, further accelerating cell death. This study showed that a low concentration of nano Ag has no obvious toxic effect on colon cells, while nano Ag with concentrations higher than 15 μg/mL will cause oxidative damage to colon cells.
Highlights
Nanomaterials have unique physical and chemical properties and are widely used in medical equipment, industrial fields, biomedical fields, electronics and environmental research [1]
The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) pattern shows that the nanoparticles have good dispersibility, a uniform size and a complete morphology
This is because there are a large number of finely oriented crystal particles in the sample area irradiated by the electron incident beam, which belongs to a polycrystalline structure
Summary
Nanomaterials have unique physical and chemical properties and are widely used in medical equipment, industrial fields, biomedical fields, electronics and environmental research [1]. In recent years, their use in medicine, health products and food has grown exponentially [2]. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have highly effective antibacterial properties and have been widely used in medicine, medical devices, coatings, textiles, food and cosmetics to inhibit bacterial growth [4,5,6,7]. The highly specific surface area of Ag-NPs enhances their interaction with components such as serum, saliva, mucus and lung lining fluid, which may cause negative effects on biological systems [9]. Ag-NPs can cause strong oxidative activity by releasing Ag+, and can induce cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, immune responses and even cell death [10,11,12]
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