Evaluation of the Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Ellagic Acid and Ellagic Acid Peracetate by EPR Spectrometry.

Ajit Kumar,Christophe Len,Sanjay Goel,Ashok K Prasad,Preeti Kaushik,Luciano Saso,Jens Z Pedersen,Virinder S Parmar,Vishwajeet Rohil,Sandra Incerpi

doi:10.3390/molecules26164800

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of ellagic acid (EA) and ellagic acid peracetate (EAPA) by measuring their reactions with the radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and galvinoxyl using EPR spectroscopy. We have also evaluated the influence of EA and EAPA on the ROS production in L-6 myoblasts and rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation catalyzed by NADPH. The results obtained clearly indicated that EA has tremendous ability to scavenge free radicals, even at concentration of 1 µM. Interestingly even in the absence of esterase, EAPA, the acetylated product of EA, was also found to be a good scavenger but at a relatively slower rate. Kinetic studies revealed that both EA and EAPA have ability to scavenge free radicals at the concentrations of 1 µM over extended periods of time. In cellular systems, EA and EAPA were found to have similar potentials for the inhibition of ROS production in L-6 myoblasts and NADPH-dependent catalyzed microsomal lipid peroxidation.

Highlights

Radical Scavenging Activities of ellagic acid (EA) and ellagic acid peracetate (EAPA) Measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)
EAPA (Figure 1) were mixed separately with a radical and the reaction followed by EPR spectroscopy [15,16,17]
It was observed that the EPR signals of DPPH and galvinoxyl were directly proportional to the concentration of the radical, but when these radicals were reduced by the antioxidant, the spectrum disappeared

Summary

Introduction

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well-known mediators of intracellular signaling cascades. It is found that excessive production of ROS inside cells is due to exposure to creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). Several endogenous and exogenous substances, which causes damage to many important biomolecules that have been implicated in several human diseases [1]. Endogenous antioxidants are keeping pro-oxidant levels in check, but in the conditions of diseases, the balance is shifted in favor of pro-oxidants, leading to oxidative stress. Exogenous dietary antioxidants have ability to scavenge free radicals that may have potential to prevent various diseases [2]. Ellagic acid (EA) is a naturally occurring phenolic lactone compound found in the form of hydrolyzable tannins called ellagitannins as the structural components of plant cell walls and cell membranes. It is observed that EA is found in many berries such as strawberries, raspberries, cranberries and grapes in high concentrations [3]

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