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Abstract
Lake reclamation for urban construction has caused serious damage to lakes in cities undergoing rapid urbanization. This process affects urban ecological environment and leads to inconsistent urban expansion, population surge, and uneven distribution of urban lakes. This study measured the fairness of urban lakes’ distribution and explored the spatial matching relationship between service supply and user group demand. The interpretation and analysis of Wuhan’s remote sensing images, population, administrative area, traffic network, and other data in 2018 were used as the basis. Specifically, the spatial distribution pattern and fairness of lakes’ distribution in Wuhan urban development zone were investigated. This study establishes a geographic weighted regression (GWR) model of land cover types and population data based on a spatialization method of population data based on land use, and uses population spatial data and network accessibility analysis results to evaluate lake service levels in the study area. Macroscopically, the correlation analysis of sequence variables and Gini coefficient analysis method are used to measure the fairness of the Wuhan lake distribution problem and equilibrium degree, and the location entropy analysis is used to quantitatively analyze the fairness of lakes and Wuhan streets from the perspective of supply and demand location entropy. Levels improve the accuracy of the research. Results showed that (1) the area covered by lakes in Wuhan urban development zone is 1007.96 km2 within 60-min of walking, accounting for 30.6% of the total area of the study area. This area can house 5,050,275 people, accounting for 60.8% of Wuhan’s total population. (2) The lakes in the central city area are less fair than the lakes outside the Third Ring Road. (3) The service level of North Lake is the highest among all the lakes in the study area, and that of Hou Lake is the lowest. (4) The spatial layout of the fairness of the lakes’ distribution is roughly distributed in circles. The fairness level collapses toward the city center, indicating that the closer to the city center, the lower the fairness level.
Highlights
Water has been widely used since early human civilization as a necessary source of survival, irrigation, and transportation
The area for each land cover type was counted as a variable parameter by street unit, and Spearman correlation analysis was performed using the total population data of each street to establish a regression model
Statistics showed that the service population of the lake within walking distances of 15, 30, 45, and 60 min accounted for 19.44%, 36.28%, 50.47%, and 60.78%, respectively, of the total population in the study area
Summary
Water has been widely used since early human civilization as a necessary source of survival, irrigation, and transportation. Many famous cities in the world are located at the intersection of large rivers or water and land [1], and Wuhan is a typical example. As an important element in physics, the aesthetic landscape, and the environment, water is vital to environmental psychology, landscape design, and tourism research [2]. Existing studies on urban water focus on water recycling [3], environmental pollution from heavy rains and floods [4], environmental health risks of water supply sources [5], and. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 4994; doi:10.3390/ijerph16244994 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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