Evaluation of the expansion attained to date by concrete affected by alkali–silica reaction. Part II: Application to nonreinforced concrete specimens exposed outside

Abstract

In part I, relationships were obtained in the laboratory between the expansion due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and (i) the "stiffness damage test" (SDT), (ii) the "damage rating index" (DRI), and (iii) the surface cracking of the concrete. These tests were conducted on nonreinforced concrete blocks and cylinders made with various reactive aggregates and stored at 38 °C and >95% relative humidity. The objective of part II was to verify the validity of the relationships from part I for concrete elements made in the laboratory but exposed outside. On average for the 51 blocks and 14 slabs tested, the surface cracking increased with ASR expansion and approached the measured expansion in the case of the most severely exposed sections of the specimens tested. The ratio between the expansion estimated from the surface cracking and the measured expansion varied greatly from one specimen to another (between 0 and 4.3), however. Taking into account the type of reactive aggregate involved did not explain the situation. Despite a variety of reactive aggregates, a quite good relationship (coefficient of linear regression R2 = 0.89) was obtained between the DRI and the ASR expansion for the six blocks cored and tested for DRI and SDT. This relationship is significantly different from those obtained in the laboratory, however. Moreover, the exposed concretes clearly differ from the laboratory concretes regarding the most important defects observed in the DRI test. As in the laboratory, the results obtained from the SDT seem to depend on the type of reactive aggregate involved. Nevertheless, this test globally supplied results with the best agreement with the measured expansion.Key words: aggregates, alkali–silica reaction, concrete expansion, damage rating index, petrography, stiffness damage test, surface cracking.