Abstract
It is universally recognized that cryopreservation impairs sperm quality. In order to improve postthawing sperm survival and motility, media of different composition and different protocols have been proposed. However, no clear evidence is available to understand which are the most efficient protocol and medium for sperm cryopreservation. The present study evaluates the efficiency of two different cryopreservation protocols and two common freezing media (FM) containing different cryoprotectants (CPs), TEST Yolk Buffer (TYB) and Sperm Freeze (SF), to preserve human sperm quality. Our data suggest that TYB is better than SF both in terms of postthaw viability and in terms of progressive motility, while the direct addition of FM to the sperm sample resulted in the most efficient protocol in terms of postthaw viability but not in terms of progressive motility.
Highlights
Sperm cryopreservation has long been used in the clinical practice of assisted reproduction to manage male infertility and to store donor samples or as a tool in the livestock industry
The present study evaluates the efficiency of two different cryopreservation protocols and two common freezing media (FM) containing different cryoprotectants (CPs), TEST Yolk Buffer (TYB) and Sperm Freeze (SF), to preserve human sperm quality
Semen samples cryopreserved with TYB resulted in better postthaw viability with respect to SF when aliquots were washed and resuspended (Group A) or for the aliquots cryopreserved without washing (Group B)
Summary
Sperm cryopreservation has long been used in the clinical practice of assisted reproduction to manage male infertility and to store donor samples or as a tool in the livestock industry. The main goal of male gamete cryopreservation is to preserve sperm viability, motility, and fertilizing ability; it has been largely reported in the literature that the freezingthawing procedures cause severe structural and functional damage to spermatozoa, impairing cell membranes [1,2,3] and sperm motility [4, 5]. This is due to physical stresses to which cells are usually exposed during freezing: the direct effects of reduced temperature and physical changes associated with ice formation [6]. Other cryoprotectant media have been formulated, such as TEST Yolk and HSPM, both of which contain glycine and glucose [15, 16]
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