Evaluation of the Efficiency of Duckweeds, Lemna sp. and Spirodela sp., in the Treatment of Tilapia Effluents

Itzel Galaviz-Villa,Alicia Garcia-Sanchez,Isabel Amaro-Espejo,Cinthya Sosa-Villalobos,Ma Refugio Castañeda Chavez,Fabiola Lango-Reynoso

doi:10.5539/jas.v8n12p188

Abstract

Farming aquatic plants can be used as an alternative in the treatment of effluents from aquaculture production units and in turn, in the production of biomass plant for feeding terrestrial and aquatic organisms. This research aims to evaluate the efficiency of duckweeds Spirodela sp. and Lemna sp. in the treatment of tilapia effluents (Oreochromis niloticus). The experiment was performed in triplicate and was conducted under natural environmental conditions within the facilities of the Laboratory of Applied Aquaculture Research (LAAR) of the Technological Institute of Boca del Río (ITBOCA). Each treatment contained 230 liters of effluent in each tube, with a water column of 40 cm and a seeding density of 400 g/m2 of vegetative biomass. The evaluation of the efficiency of Spirodela sp. and Lemna sp., in the removal of dissolved nutrients, was performed in 7 monitoring times; 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h. The results showed an efficiency in nutrient removal at 120 h of 75, 74 and 66% of N-NH3; 96, 92 and 75% N-NO2; 93, 88 and 75% N-NO3; 75, 72 and 64% N-NTK; 73, 60 and 58% of N-org., and 73, 63 and 68% of P. On the other hand, the removal of TSS and BOD5, during the first 24 h, was 83, 54, 58% and 65, 59, 33%, in the treatments. The efficiency in nutrient removal of both duckweeds, showed that both plants can be used in the treatment of effluents, being a sustainable and economical alternative for the aquaculture industry.

Highlights

IntroductionOne of the main constraints on aquaculture production is the high concentration of nutrients that are generated as a result of the excretions of fish, the provided food and other inputs used to control crop (Tacon & Foster, 2003)
The results showed an efficiency in nutrient removal at 120 h of 75, 74 and 66% of N-NH3; 96, 92 and 75% N-NO2; 93, 88 and 75% N-NO3; 75, 72 and 64% N-NTK; 73, 60 and 58% of N-org., and 73, 63 and 68% of P
One of the main constraints on aquaculture production is the high concentration of nutrients that are generated as a result of the excretions of fish, the provided food and other inputs used to control crop (Tacon & Foster, 2003)

Summary

Introduction

One of the main constraints on aquaculture production is the high concentration of nutrients that are generated as a result of the excretions of fish, the provided food and other inputs used to control crop (Tacon & Foster, 2003). In the state of Veracruz, most of the aquaculture production units of tilapia discharge their effluents directly, without previous treatment into bodies of surface water becoming a source of pollution for the aquatic environment (Palomarez-García, 2010). These effluents include uneaten feed, metabolic excretions, feces, dead fish and organic and inorganic solid waste. The degree of environmental impact is straightly related to the production system used. These systems are: extensive, semi-intensive and intensive. As the system is intensified, a greater number of inputs and raw materials are used (Flores, González, & Prado, 2007)

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