Evaluation of the effects of two Lactobacillus buchneri strains and sodium benzoate on the characteristics of corn silage in a hot‐climate environment

Abstract

AbstractThis study determined the effectiveness of two Lactobacillus buchneri strains (commercial and indigenous) and sodium benzoate (SB) in improving the aerobic stability of corn silage under laboratory and field conditions. Two experiments were carried out to test the following treatments: untreated forage, commercial L. buchneri (CLB), indigenous L. buchneri (ILB) and SB at a 2 g kg−1 concentration. Both inoculants were applied at a rate of 1 × 106 colony forming units of bacteria per gram of forage. In experiment 1, five replicates of each treatment were ensiled in 15‐L laboratory silos. The nutritional, fermentation and microbiological characteristics and aerobic stability of the silage were determined. In experiment 2, the top of a bunker silo was divided into four parts (blocks) along its length before it was sealed, and the treatments were randomly applied. Three bags were buried in each experimental unit (two at the top and one at the core) to determine the loss of dry matter (DM) and the silage characteristics. In experiment 1, ILB exhibited a lower lactic acid concentration and higher 1,2‐propanediol and acetic acid levels, which provided intermediate aerobic stability (67 h). In both experiments, treatment SB exhibited higher residual water‐soluble carbohydrate levels and longer aerobic stability relative to the other treatments. In experiment 2, there were lower DM losses and higher digestibility coefficients when SB was applied, similar to that found at the core. Overall, SB was the most effective additive for improving fermentation, preserving nutrients and reducing the aerobic deterioration of corn silage at the top of a bunker silo in a hot‐climate environment.