Evaluation of the Effects of Relationships Between Main Spatial Lower Pole Calyceal Anatomic Factors on the Success of Shock-Wave Lithotripsy in Patients with Lower Pole Kidney Stones

Abstract

To evaluate the effects of lower pole calyceal anatomy on lower pole stone clearance after shock-wave lithotripsy (SWL). A total of 133 patients who had single lower pole radio-opaque stones treated with SWL alone and who became stone-free or had clinically insignificant residual fragments (CIRF) were included in the study. Pre-shock-wave lithotripsy intravenous urograms were used to determine the lower pole infundibular width and length, lower pole infundibulopelvic (LPIP) angle, caliceal pelvic height (CPH), and lower infundibular length-to-width ratio. In addition, to evaluate the relationship between LPIP and CPH, a more simple alternative measurement instead of LPIP angle, called the parenchyma-to-ureter distance (PUD), was suggested. The correlation between LPIP and PUD was then examined, and a good correlation was found between these values (P <0.000, r = 0.64). The PUD/CPH ratio was also calculated. The stone-free rate was 62%. According to the cutoff points, the lower infundibular length-to-width ratio and PUD/CPH ratio were different in the stone-free and CIRF groups by univariate analysis but not by multivariate analysis. None of the anatomic factors had a statistically significant effect in predicting the success of SWL in patients with lower pole stones. Nevertheless, evaluation of relationships between lower pole anatomic factors may offer some help in reaching a more accurate interpretation of lower pole stone clearance after SWL.