Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of multiple mouthwashes on the cellular viability or the morphology of preosteoblasts. Mouse calvarial osteoblast-like cells were cultured and treated with mouthwashes of (1) benzydamine hydrochloride; (2) cetylpyridinium chloride and benzalkonium chloride; (3) methyl salicylate, menthol, eucalyptol, and thymol; and (4) sodium fluoride, xylitol, and chitosan. The treatment times were 30 seconds, 90 seconds, and 270 seconds. Cell morphology was evaluated with a microscope, and the viability of the treated cells was analyzed quantitatively using a commercially available kit. The untreated control group exhibited well-stretched fibroblast-like morphology. Treatment with mouthwash resulted in morphological changes in all groups. Treatment with sodium fluoride resulted in more noticeable changes. Treatment with mouthwash for 30 seconds produced a significant decrease in cell viability. An increase in time to 90 and 270 seconds did not produce additional noticeable changes. To conclude, commercially available mouthwashes created changes in cell morphology and decreased the cell viability of osteoblast-like cells irrespective of ingredients and treatment time.
Highlights
Mouthwash is used frequently in daily life and has the advantage of reaching areas that are not accessible with a toothbrush [1, 2]
This study examined the effects of multiple mouthwashes on the viability or morphology of osteoblast-like cells
Treatment of the osteoblast-like cells with Tantum resulted in an alteration in morphology (Figure 2)
Summary
Mouthwash is used frequently in daily life and has the advantage of reaching areas that are not accessible with a toothbrush [1, 2]. The use of mouthwash can aid people with daily oral hygiene [3]. Mouthwash has been used to heal soft tissue, reduce gingivitis, control plaque, reduce dental caries, control bad breath, and whiten teeth [4, 5]. Sodium fluoride has been reported to have an anticarious effect, and the use of mouthwash containing sodium fluoride can enhance remineralization of teeth [11]. Menthol, eucalyptol, and thymol has been used as an adjunct to daily oral hygiene care due to the antiplaque and antigingivitis effects [12]. Previous reports have studied the possibilities of cytotoxic effects of mouthwash on cells [6, 13,14,15]. This study examined the effects of multiple mouthwashes on the viability or morphology of osteoblast-like cells
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