Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cuminum cyminum L. has long been used in the treatment of various diseases in multiple geographical regions. This study was performed to determine the effects of C. cyminum methanolic extract (CCT) on the cellular viability, alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization of human mesenchymal stem cells. Materials and Methods: Bone marrow-derived stem cells were cultured in the presence of CCT at concentrations of 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg/mL. Evaluations of cell morphology were performed on days 1, 3, 7 and 14. Cellular viability was evaluated on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. On the 7th and 14th day, alkaline phosphatase activity measurements and Alizarin red S staining were conducted to assess the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. A real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression levels of RUNX2, BSP, OCN, COL2A1 and β-catenin mRNAs. Results: Stem cells in the control group showed fibroblast-like morphology and the addition of CCT at 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg/mL did not generate noticeable changes in morphology compared with the untreated control group. The application of CCT did not produce significant changes in cellular viability or alkaline phosphatase activity compared with controls. Alizarin Red S staining was significantly increased with the application of CCT. Treatment with CCT increased the expressions of RUNX2, BSP and OCN. Conclusions: These results indicate that CCT enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells derived from bone marrow by regulating the expressions of RUNX2, BSP and OCN. Thus, the use of CCT may be applied to achieve beneficial effects on the mineralization of stem cells.
Highlights
Cuminum cyminum L. has been used to treat various indications in various geographical regions [1]
The stem cells in the 0 ng/mL group on the first day showed fibroblast-like morphology
The morphology of the stem cells of the 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg/mL groups did not show significant changes compared with the untreated control group
Summary
Cuminum cyminum L. (cumin) has been used to treat various indications in various geographical regions [1]. (cumin) has been used to treat various indications in various geographical regions [1]. Cumin is a rich source of essential oils and has been actively researched for its chemical composition and biological activities [1]. Cumin has been applied for the treatment of various diseases [2]. Cumin was shown to have an effect on insulin metabolism and it was effective on weight loss in overweight participants [3]. Cumin had some effects on participants with metabolic syndrome [4]. Cumin has been reported to lower the plasma lipid concentration in non-hypertriglyceridemia participants [5]
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