Abstract
The Vitis vinifera L. cultural grape includes many varieties that are highly valued in winemaking and viticulture, as raw materials for the production of fresh and dried berries, for the production of wines. The fruits of cultural grapes play an important role in medicine, where they are used as a source of substances with high antioxidant activity. Grapes are often affected by phytopathogenic fungal infections. In recent years, a large number of reports have appeared in the literature about the acquisition of resistance of microorganisms to industrial pesticide preparations, which in turn leads to an increase in drug doses, the multiplicity of treatments and the accumulation of harmful substances in the environment and in the plants themselves. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of the fungicidal action of industrial preparations and plant extracts in relation to two native species of fungi (V1 and V2) isolated from the leaves of cultivated Vitis vinifera L. grapes, as well as against the phytopathogen Alternaria solani K-100054. Minimal inhibitory (MIC) and fungicidal concentrations (MFC) were detected for each sample. Ethanol extracts of plants showed low antimycotic activity in relation to fungi cultures isolated from grapes. Activity started from 0.0625%. The best result among industrial fungicides was shown by the drug “Maxim”, whose MIC values was 0.097 μg/mL, and the MFC varies between 3.125-12.5 μg/mL for pathogens V1 and V2, respectively.
Highlights
According to the International Organization of Grapes and Wine, about 77.8 million tons of grapes are produced per year, of which 57% are wine grapes, 36% are table grapes and 7% are dried grapes [1]
Samples of the Vitis vinifera L. vine collected in the southern zone of Crimea in one of the branches of the Massandra farm in early April 2021 and provided to us by specialists of the All-Russian National Scientific Research Institute of Vineyards and Wine MAHARACH RAS
To analyze for fungicidal activity, the dried extracts were re-dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) [18, 19]
Summary
According to the International Organization of Grapes and Wine, about 77.8 million tons of grapes are produced per year, of which 57% are wine grapes, 36% are table grapes and 7% are dried grapes [1]. In the fruits of the grape Vitis vinifera L. a high content of phenolic compounds was found, among which the main classes were flavonoids, phenolic acids, other polyphenols, lignans and stilbens. The most common compounds are myricetin 3-Oglucoside and quercetin 3-O-glucoside. Gentisic acid has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as being able to improve cardiovascular problems associated with aging, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. Extracts of Vitis vinifera L. leaves they exhibit antioxidant activity and protection against DNA damage, and an antimutagenic effect [5]. Vine leaves are part of the traditional Serbian diet [6]
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