Abstract
This study performs comparative assessment of the results of different types of two-stage surgical treatment in patients with keratoconus, including combination of corneal collagen cross-linking with intrastromal corneal ring segments followed by topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy. Prospective review of 101 patients (101 eyes) with keratoconus was performed. Patients underwent corneal collagen cross-linking (32 patients), intrastromal corneal ring segments (48 patients), and a combination of these two procedures (21 patients). Transepithelial topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy was performed as the second stage of treatment in all patients with obtained stable refractive results at 8 months after first stage. Main outcome measures were visual acuity (uncorrected distance and corrected distance) and corneal topographic indices. Comparison of the studied parameters after first stage surgical treatment between non-combined CXL and combined groups demonstrated a statistically significant difference for uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, and cylindrical refraction values (p<0.05). We observed significant improvement of visual acuity and key corneal topographic indices after topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy in all study groups (p<0.05). In 50 (49.5%) patients customized excimer laser ablation gave the possibility of full spherical and cylindrical corrections. Ten eyes (10%) had delayed epithelial healing, no corneal stromal opacities developed. This study shows that combined two-stage surgical treatment of keratoconus, consisting of intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation with corneal collagen cross-linking followed by topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy, is clinically more effective to prevent keratectasia progression and increase visual acuity than the use of non-combined two-stage techniques.
Highlights
Keratoconus is a progressive bilateral pathology of cornea, which is manifested by its thinning and protrusion that lead to astigmatism and deterioration of vision [1]
This study shows that combined two-stage surgical treatment of keratoconus, consisting of intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation with corneal collagen cross-linking followed by topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy, is clinically more effective to prevent
Different treatment options, such as spectacles and contact lenses [2], intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) [3–7], keratoplasty, corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) [8–11] with topography-guided customized excimer laser ablation treatment—photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) [12–21], and combinations of the above-mentioned methods [16,21–23] with the application of novel ray-tracing excimer laser customization [24] could be used in patients with keratoconus, depending on its severity and grade
Summary
Keratoconus is a progressive bilateral pathology of cornea, which is manifested by its thinning and protrusion that lead to astigmatism and deterioration of vision [1] Different treatment options, such as spectacles and contact lenses [2], intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) [3–7], keratoplasty (penetrating and deep anterior lamellar), corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) [8–11] with topography-guided customized excimer laser ablation treatment—photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) [12–21], and combinations of the above-mentioned methods [16,21–23] with the application of novel ray-tracing excimer laser customization [24] could be used in patients with keratoconus, depending on its severity and grade. The combination of CXL with PRK has a double effect: an increase in corneal stability and a significant improvement in visual acuity [12–21], but reported data is still controversial. We decided to compare the results of different types of two-stage surgical treatment in patients with keratoconus, including combination of CXL with ICRS followed by TG-PRK
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