Evaluation of the effectiveness of antenatal corticoid in preterm twin and single pregnancies: a multicenter cohort study

Abstract

Background The effects of antenatal corticosteroids (ANSs) on twins are not well established. Objective To determine the impact of ANS use according to the number of fetuses. Methods Retrospective cohort study of newborns between 23 and 33 weeks of gestational age, birth weight from 400 to 1499 g, without malformations, delivered at 20 public university hospitals from 2010 to 2014. Exposed group: Received ANS (any time, any dose) and no exposed group: no received ANS. Analysis of birth conditions and clinical outcomes. Association of variables, relative risks, and 95% confidence intervals estimated from the adjustment of log-binomial regression models. Results About 7165 premature infants were analyzed: 5167 singleton, 937 twins, and 104 triplets. Characteristics of gestations with one, two, or three fetuses not receiving ANS were similar. Reduced hemodynamic instability in single and twins gestations in the first 72 h were observed (Adj R 2 Twins = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.69–0.86) (Adj R 2 Singles = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.62–0.99). Reduced peri-intraventricular hemorrhage (Adj R 2 Twins = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.36–0.78) (Adj R 2 singles = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.36–0.78); and early sepsis reduction on single and triplex gestations (Adj R 2 triplex = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.27–0.94) (Adj single R 2 = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.27–0.94) were observed. Conclusions This study demonstrates ANS produces an important protective factor for severe intraventricular hemorrhage and hemodynamic instability in single and multiple pregnancies. ANS had a protective effect on death and birth conditions improvement just in single gestations. Regarding respiratory aspects was not observed the protective effect in the single or multiple gestations.