Evaluation of the effective potential barrier height in nonlinear magnetization dynamics excited by ac magnetic field

Abstract

An alternating current (ac) magnetic field or spin current can reduce the switching field of a ferromagnet through resonance excitation of a large-angle precession of magnetization. The nonlinear magnetization dynamics of this switching scheme completely differ from the general ferromagnetic resonance phenomenon, which is linearly excited by a small ac magnetic field. To understand these dynamics, it is necessary to evaluate the effective potential barrier height for switching, $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{U}^{\mathrm{eff}}$. However, most previous studies have measured the consequent precession angle in the nonlinear dynamics by magneto-optical methods and/or by applying a magneto-resistive effect. Here, we applied the cooperative switching method, which evaluates the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{U}^{\mathrm{eff}}$ of the nonlinear dynamics under a sub-ns-wide magnetic field impulse, and observed a nontrivial reduction of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{U}^{\mathrm{eff}}$ in a submicron-wide NiFe strip. The strong reduction of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{U}^{\mathrm{eff}}$ under a negative magnetic field was caused by a saddle-node bifurcation in the nonlinear dynamics. In a micromagnetics simulation, we also confirmed that the magnetization is nonuniformly excited at the shallowest $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{U}^{\mathrm{eff}}$.