Evaluation of the effect of tissue-engineered constructs based on octacalcium phosphate and gingival stromal cells on dental implants osteointegration

Abstract

Current treatment of patients with partial and complete teeth loss is based on the use of dental implants. As a result of continuous improvement of the medical devices and methods of implantological treatment and according to modern protocols dental implants could be placed immediately after teeth removal, which in most cases required single-stage bone grafting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the features of dental implants osseointegration under simultaneous bone grafting with tissue-engineered construction based on octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and autogenous gingival multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSC) in rabbits. In the tibial tuberosity of each limb, we performed a complex defect consisting of two adjacent cylindrical defects with diameters of 2.8 and 4 mm, correspondingly, and a depth of 8 mm, the circumferences of which intersected at the level of 5-7 hours of the conditional dial of the upper defect. Dental implants of 3x8 mm were placed in the upper defect, the lower defect was filled with "OCP+MMSC” in direct contact with the exposed surface of the dental implant. We used OCP without cells, autogenous bone tissue, blood clot as controls. Results were assessed 1, 2, 3 months after surgery using CT and histological analysis. Osteointegration was observed in both groups with OCP, while in the case of "OCP+ MMSC” a larger volume of newly formed bone tissue was formed. Autogenous bone fragments showed results similar to a defect filled with a blood clot. Thus, the preclinical evidence makes possible to use tissue-engineering constructs "OCP+MMSC” for single-stage with dental implants placement bone grafting.