Evaluation of the Effect of Surfactants on the Adsorption and Movement of Carbaryl in Soils of Divergent Texture

Abstract

The adsorption and movement of carbaryl on soils in surfactant-free and surfactant (cationic, non-ionic, anionic) solutions of different critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) has been studied using batch equilibrium and soil thin layer chromatography (soil TLC) techniques. The adsorption of carbaryl in surfactant-soil-water systems followed the order cationic > anionic > non-ionic as anticipated from the Freundlich constant, KF, and distribution coefficient, KD, values. The Rf values obtained from soil TLC studies were inversely proportional to the KF and KD values. The affinities of carbaryl towards organic carbon and the clay content of the soil were compared using the KOC and KC values. The behaviour of carbaryl in surfactant-soil-water systems mainly depends on the degree of hydrophobicity of the pesticide and the type and concentration of surfactant used. The K*D/KD ratios were used to evaluate the remediation efficiency of surfactants and it was found that anionic surfactant is a better choice for ...