Evaluation of the Effect of Inactivated Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Vaccine with Nano Silicon on the Phenotype and Function of Porcine Dendritic Cells.

Lanlan Zheng,Zhanyong Wei,Jiaxi Ru,Xiangli Shu,Lintao Liu,Huichen Guo,Zi Wang,Fujie Zhao,Nianxiang Wang

doi:10.3390/v13112158

Abstract

A transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is a porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus, causing acute swine enteric disease especially in suckling piglets. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are safe vaccine adjuvant, which could enhance immune responses. Our previous research confirmed that nano silicon had immune-enhancing effects with inactivated TGEV vaccine. In this study, we further clarified the immune-enhancing mechanism of the inactivated TGEV vaccine with MSNs on porcine dendritic cells (DCs). Our results indicated that the inactivated TGEV vaccine with MSNs strongly enhanced the activation of the DCs. Expressions of TLR3, TLR5, TLR7, TLR9, and TLR10, cytokines IFN-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α, cytokine receptor CCR-7 of immature DCs were characterized and showed themselves to be significantly higher in the inactivated TGEV vaccine with the MSN group. In summary, the inactivated TGEV vaccine with MSNs has effects on the phenotype and function of porcine DCs, which helps to better understand the immune-enhancing mechanism.

Highlights

A transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is a porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus, which belongs to the family Coronaviridae, and causes acute swine enteric disease with viral enteritis, severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and high mortality rates, especially in suckling piglets [1,2]
The results showed that nano silicon could be used as an adjuvant for an inactivated TGEV vaccine, enhancing the long term humoral and early cellular immune responses, with high antibody titers, increasing cytokine expression, and CD4+ /CD8+ T lymphocyte proliferation
The results showed that the expressions of MHCII and CD80 were the most prominent in the inactivated TGEV vaccine with the Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) group, except for the LPS positive control group

Summary

Introduction

A transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is a porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus, which belongs to the family Coronaviridae, and causes acute swine enteric disease with viral enteritis, severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and high mortality rates, especially in suckling piglets [1,2]. Inactivated vaccines have been widely used due to their high level of safety They usually require the addition of adjuvants to achieve their good immunogenicity. Nano adjuvants are nano sized materials with strong adsorptive ability, good slow-release function, effective targeting, and thermal stability [8]. In our previous research [9], a kind of nano silicon particle was applied to inactivated TGEV vaccine, and the immune-enhancing effects were investigated in mice. The results showed that nano silicon could be used as an adjuvant for an inactivated TGEV vaccine, enhancing the long term humoral and early cellular immune responses, with high antibody titers, increasing cytokine expression, and CD4+ /CD8+ T lymphocyte proliferation. The immune-enhancing mechanism of nano silicon is still not clear

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