Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of air abrasion before and after sintering with different particle type, shape, and size on the surface morphology, monoclinic phase transformation, and bond strength between resin cement and zirconia surface using primer containing silane and MDP. Airborne particle abrasion (APA) was performed on zirconia before and after sintering with different particle shape and size (50 μm Al2O3 and 25 μm silica powder). 120 square shaped presintered zirconia samples (Amann Girrbach) were prepared (3 mm height × 10 mm width × 10 mm length) and polished with grit papers #800, 1000, 1200, 1500, and 2000. Samples were divided into 6 groups according to surface treatment—group A: (control) no surface treatment; group B: APA 50 μm Al2O3 before sintering (BS); group C: APA 50 μm Al2O3 after sintering (AS); group D: APA25 μm silica powder (BS); group E: APA25 μm silica powder (AS) at a pressure of 3.5 bar; and group F: APA 25 μm silica powder (AS) at a pressure of 4 bar. Samples were analyzed using XRD, AFM, and SEM. The samples were submitted to shear bond strength (SBS) test. A dual cure resin cement (RelyX Ultimate) and primer (Scotchbond Universal) were used. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey test (α ≥ 0.05). APA in group B significantly increased the surface roughness when compared to all other groups. A significant monoclinic phase transformation (t-m) value was observed in groups C and F and a reverse transformation occurred in presintered groups. The SBS value of group A was 11.58 ± 1.43 and the highest significant shear bond strength value was for groups B (15.86 ± 1.92) and C (17.59 ± 2.21 MPa) with no significant difference between them. Conclusions. The use of APA 50 μm Al2O3 before sintering and the application of primer containing MDP seem to be valuable methods for durable bonding with zirconia. The use of APA 50 μm Al2O3 after sintering induced the highest (t-m) phase transformation.
Highlights
Zirconia has been used in dental restoration due to its excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, low degree of bacterial adhesion, and acceptable optical properties [1]
The result of the present study led to the rejection of the null hypothesis that the phase transformation of zirconia ceramics will be changed according to the surface treatment applied, since the type and size of abraded particles and the pressure that was used increased significantly the monoclinic percent
This appeared through the statistical comparison between group C that was abraded by 50 μm Al2O3 particles which had the highest significant t→m phase transformation 11% and group E that was abraded by 25 μm silica particles with higher pressure than group C which had the lowest significant t→m phase transformation
Summary
Zirconia has been used in dental restoration due to its excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, low degree of bacterial adhesion, and acceptable optical properties [1]. The advancement of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies [2] allowed the use of zirconia in a wide range of clinical applications. Durable bonding of zirconia-based restorations, which is an essential factor for long-term clinical success, has proven to be difficult since hydrofluoric acid etching used with silica-based ceramic has no effect on densely sintered zirconia [5]. This is due to the glass-free composition structure characterizing zirconia as an acid-resistant material. Adhesive cementation of zirconia restoration is one of the most important factors for Material Zirconia/Ceramill Zi Primer/Scotchbond Universal
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