Evaluation of the Effect of Artificial Pulsatility in Continuous Flow Assist Device on Peripheral Vascular Reactivity

Abstract

Purpose Heart failure is associated with impaired endothelial function including peripheral vessels. A pulsatility decrement once continuous flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) implanted has been consistently corroborated as an additive factor further compromising peripheral vascular function in such patients. EndoPAT 2000 is a FDA approved, operator independent device for assessment of endothelial function allowing for serial examination of reactive hyperemia index (RHI; as a measure of endothelial responsiveness; cutoff Methods Thirty-two patients implanted with HeartMate3 LVAS (5 females; mean age 55±13.8 years, ischemic cardiomyopathy 43.75%) were longitudinally examined by EndoPAT 2000 prior to the procedure and subsequently at 3rd and 6th month after implantation. Results Mean RHI was substantially impaired and below the norm already at a baseline (1.33±0.63). Temporal analysis revealed highly significant worsening at 3rd (RHI = 0.5±0.64) and 6th (RHI = 0.67±0.59) month post implantation (both p Conclusion The study provides additional evidence on a negative effect of suppressed physiologic pulsatility amplitude in CF-LVAD patients. Despite restored central hemodynamics, peripheral vascular function after implantation is further compromised based on serial assessment by EndoPAT 2000. Our observations suggest that a novel feature of programmed artificial pulsatility in HeartMate3 does not provide a sufficient pulse amplitude to avert further progression of peripheral vascular dysfunction due to continuous flow circulatory pattern. Larger scale adverse events matched clinical trials are warranted.