Abstract
The researcher in this paper attempts to examine and analyze the factors of underdevelopment in women's employment in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The goal of this paper was to assess the implementation of women's employment development laws in the Islamic Republic of Iran from 1989 to 2017. This research paper examined the text of laws, policies, and interviews with key informants through the theories of occupational inequality, gender theories, and feminism. The results show that despite policies and planning for the development of women's employment, the necessary infrastructure to enhance women's employment is still lacking. Whereas the identity and personality of individuals in Iranian society are formed among the family; the role of the family is therefore significant, that adds to its importance in preserving and affecting it. In other words, Iranian society is confronted with a two-tiered structure of social policy and family-oriented discourse, and different governments apply different development policies with respect to their certain method to the family institution. During periods of supportive policies that lead to women being excluded from employment, and in other periods, focusing on the issue of gender rights and freedom, policies are being developed that encourage women to participate more economically. However, what stands out among them is the centrality and power of the family in society that raises such issues and challenges in the development of women's employment.
Highlights
Women's employment and unemployment are one of the economic and social issues of Iran in the present condition
We attempt to reply two questions: 1. what are the laws and regulations that promote the development of women's employment? 2. why has the employment rate for women not enhanced significantly despite different development laws and programs? To reply the research questions more precisely, we conducted direct and indirect interviews with key informants in the field and came up with five main themes to investigate the implementation of the laws as a result of these interviews
The point of the interviews that can be emphasized as a key point of interest to many interviewees; there is a contradiction between different development laws and programs in this area
Summary
Women's employment and unemployment are one of the economic and social issues of Iran in the present condition. The extent of women's employment in the country related to the set of economic policies adjusted using labor market laws and regulations. Because the employer incurs other costs such as the construction of kindergartens, the payment of maternity leave and so on because of compliance with such laws and regulations as the construction of day care and maternity leave and breastfeeding. This would tend to hire male labor to reduce costs. In addition to the costeffectiveness of using labor, researchers say, and society’s dominant culture can hinder women's employment
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