Abstract
Ca 2+ affinity of cardiac troponin C (TnC) is regulated by the active cross-bridges (downstream-dependent mechanism). In the present study, we showed one of the methods to evaluate the downstream-dependent change in the Ca 2+ affinity of TnC during contraction using the aequorin-injected ferret papillary muscle. For this purpose, the tension-dependent change in the extra-Ca 2+ (a transient increase in the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+] i) in response to a quick length reduction) was measured under various conditions. We examined whether the regression line between the magnitude of tension reduction and the magnitude of the normalized extra-Ca 2+ (the extra-Ca 2+ was divided by [Ca 2+] i immediately before length change) (the normalized extra-Ca 2+–tension relation) in twitch contraction can be used for the estimation of the downstream-dependent change in the Ca 2+ affinity of TnC. The normalized extra-Ca 2+–tension relation became shallow by EMD 57033 (EMD) (one of the Ca 2+ sensitizers) and by an increase in Ca 2+ concentration in the solution ([Ca 2+] o) in a concentration-dependent manner. However, 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) (one of the desensitizers) antagonized the effects of EMD and higher [Ca 2+] o in a concentration-dependent manner. These effects of EMD and BDM were also observed in the normalized extra-Ca 2+–tension relation in tetanic contraction. The normalized extra-Ca 2+–tension relation became steep by shortening the initial muscle length before contraction in tetanic contraction. Length–tension relation in twitch contraction was significantly shifted upward by higher [Ca 2+] o and EMD, but BDM showed the opposite effects on them in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, the downstream-dependent change in the Ca 2+ affinity of TnC which physiologically functions in intact cardiac muscle can be evaluated using the normalized extra-Ca 2+–tension relation.
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