Abstract
Polymer/ceramic pressure-sensitive paint (PC-PSP), which incorporates a high percentage of particles in the binder layer, is proposed in order to improve the characteristics of PSP. The procedure for embedding particles into the binder layer was modified. In the conventional procedure, dye is adsorbed onto a polymer/ceramic coating film (denoted herein as a dye-adsorbed (D-adsorbed) PSP). In the new procedure, the mixture of a dye and particles is adsorbed onto a polymer coating film (denoted herein as the particle/dye-adsorbed (PD-adsorbed) PSP). The effect of particle mass content on PSP characteristics was investigated. In addition, the effect of solvent on PSP characteristics and film structure were evaluated for the PD-adsorbed PSP. As a result, the difference in the PSP characteristics between the two types of PSP was clarified. Although surface roughness and time response increase with increased mass content of particles for both D- and PD-adsorbed PSPs, the critical pigment volume concentration (CPVC) for the PD-adsorbed PSP is smaller than that of the D-adsorbed PSP (88 wt% and 93 wt%, respectively). The PD-adsorbed PSP has a higher frequency response comparing with the D-adsorbed PSP while maintaining the same surface roughness. Observation by scanning electron microscope showed that the CPVC of the PC-PSP is governed primarily by surface structure. The coating film structure can be roughly classified into two states depending on the particle mass content. One is a state in which the coating film consisted of two layers: a lower particle-rich layer and an upper polymer-rich layer. This type of structure was observed in the PD-adsorbed PSP as well as in the D-adsorbed PSP. In the other state, polymer and particles are homogeneously distributed in the film, and pores are formed. This difference in the coating structure results in a change in the time response.
Highlights
Pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) has attracted a great deal of attention from the aerospace community as a new method by which to measure pressure fields at high spatial resolution [1]
Fast-responding PSP with a highly-diffusive porous binder must be used in order to measure unsteady pressure fields because the time response of PSP is governed by the diffusion process through the binder
Three major types of materials have been used as a porous binder for fast-responding PSPs: thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates [4], anodized aluminum (AA) [5,6], and polymer/ceramic (PC) composites [7,8,9,10,11]
Summary
Pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) has attracted a great deal of attention from the aerospace community as a new method by which to measure pressure fields at high spatial resolution [1]. PSP is an optical pressure-measurement technique based on oxygen quenching of luminescence. Sensors 2018, 18, 4041 light emitted from the PSP layer depends on the partial pressure of oxygen, the air pressure over the PSP coating can be calculated from the measured luminescence intensity. Fast-responding PSP with a highly-diffusive porous binder must be used in order to measure unsteady pressure fields because the time response of PSP is governed by the diffusion process through the binder. Three major types of materials have been used as a porous binder for fast-responding PSPs: thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates [4], anodized aluminum (AA) [5,6], and polymer/ceramic (PC) composites [7,8,9,10,11]
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