Abstract
During the production of concrete, cement, water, aggregate, and chemical and mineral admixtures will be used, and a large amount of carbon dioxide will be emitted. Conversely, during the decades of service life of reinforced concrete structures, carbon dioxide in the environment can ingress into concrete and chemically react with carbonatable constitutes of hardened concrete, such as calcium hydroxide and calcium silicate hydrate. This chemical reaction process is known as carbonation. Carbon dioxide will be absorbed into concrete due to carbonation. This article presents a numerical procedure to quantitatively evaluate carbon dioxide emissions and the absorption of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) blended concrete structures. Based on building scales and drawings, the total volume and surface area of concrete are calculated. The carbon dioxide emission is calculated using the total volume of concrete and unit carbon dioxide emission of materials. Next, using a slag blended cement hydration model and a carbonation model, the carbonation depth is determined. The absorbed carbon dioxide is evaluated using the carbonation depth of concrete, the surface area of concrete structures, and the amount of carbonatable materials. The calculation results show that for the studied structure with slag blended concrete, for each unit of CO2 produced, 4.61% of carbon dioxide will be absorbed during its 50 years of service life.
Highlights
Portland cement is the principle hydraulic binder used in modern concrete
Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), which is a byproduct of the steel industry, has been increasingly used in the concrete industry as a mineral admixture to partially replace cement
To overcome the weak points in former studies [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25], we propose a slag-blended cement hydration model, calculate carbonatable materials’ content and porosity, and evaluate carbonation depth and carbon dioxide uptake
Summary
Portland cement is the principle hydraulic binder used in modern concrete. The production of one ton of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) generates 0.55 ton of chemical CO2 and requires an additional 0.39 ton of CO2 in fuel emissions, accounting for a total of 0.94 ton of CO2 [1]. Yang [24] proposed a Portland cement hydration model, evaluated the contents of carbonatable materials, and calculated carbonation depth and carbon dioxide uptake during the use stage and recycling of demolished concrete. To overcome the weak points in former studies [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25], we propose a slag-blended cement hydration model, calculate carbonatable materials’ content and porosity, and evaluate carbonation depth and carbon dioxide uptake. The contributions of this article are summarized as follows: first, propose a slag‐blended cement Thyhdercaotinotnrimboudtieolnans dofcatlhciuslaatretircelaectairoensduemgrmeeasroifzceedmaesntfoanlldowslasg: .fiSrescto, npdr,oepvoaslueaatestlhaegc-barlebnondaetdabclement hydramtiaotnerimalosdceolnatenndt caanldcuploartoesriteyacutsioinngdthege rreeeasctoiofncedmegernetesanodf bsilnadge. rSse. cTohnirdd,,ecvaalclulaattee tchaerbcoanrbatoionnatable matedrieapltshcoanndtecnatrbaonnd dpiorxoidseityuputsaiknegotfhselarge‐abcletinodneddecgonreceresteo,fcboinnsdideerrsi.ngThmiradte,ricaallcpurolapteertcieasrbaonndation depthenavnirdoncmarebntoanl cdoniodxitiidoensu. ptake of slag-blended concrete, considering material properties and environmental conditions
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