Evaluation of the Bone Regeneration Effect of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenic Protein-2 on Subperiosteal Bone Graft in the Rat Calvarial Model.

Eunhye Jang,Eun-Young Lee,Ja-Youn Lee,Hyun Seok

doi:10.3390/ma12101613

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone regeneration effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on a subperiosteal bone graft in a rat model. A subperiosteal space was made on the rat calvarium, and anorganic bovine bone (ABB), ABB/low bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) (5 µg), and ABB/high BMP (50 µg) were grafted as subperiosteal bone grafts. The new bone formation parameters of bone volume (BV), bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular thickness (TbTh), and trabecular spacing (TbSp) were evaluated by microcomputed tomography (µ-CT), and a histomorphometric analysis was performed to evaluate the new bone formation area. The expression of osteogenic markers, such as bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin, were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The ABB/high BMP group showed significantly higher BV than the ABB/low BMP (p = 0.004) and control groups (p = 0.000) and higher TbTh than the control group (p = 0.000). The ABB/low BMP group showed significantly higher BV, BMD, and TbTh than the control group (p = 0.002, 0.042, and 0.000, respectively). The histomorphometry showed significantly higher bone formation in the ABB/low and high BMP groups than in the control group (p = 0.000). IHC showed a high expression of BSP and osteocalcin in the ABB/low and high BMP groups. Subperiosteal bone grafts with ABB and rhBMP-2 have not been studied. In our study, we confirmed that rhBMP-2 contributes to new bone formation in a subperiosteal bone graft with ABB.

Highlights

Bone graft operations in the oral and maxillofacial regions have been performed in bone defect areas where a cyst, tumor, impacted tooth, trauma, or cleft alveolus was present [1,2]
More new bone formation was observed around the bone graft material area material area in the anorganic bovine bone (ABB)/low and high bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) groups
There was no significant difference between the ABB/low BMP and ABB/high trabecular thickness, and (d) trabecular spacing of the control (ABB: anorganic bovine bone), low BMP

Summary

Introduction

Bone graft operations in the oral and maxillofacial regions have been performed in bone defect areas where a cyst, tumor, impacted tooth, trauma, or cleft alveolus was present [1,2]. Bone grafts for dental implants have been made on the surface of the alveolar bone but not in the bone defect. Subperiosteal bone grafts on the surface of the alveolar cortical bone have been performed in the atrophic alveolar bone [3,4]. Sufficient alveolar bone height and width are required for the success of dental implants, and the implant surface should be surrounded by alveolar bone [5]. Vertical and horizontal bone augmentation is necessary in the alveolar bone to obtain an adequate bone volume for implant installation.

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