Abstract
Introduction: Because of the rising popularity of novel tobacco products, there has been an increasing interest in the biological effects of these products. This study was performed to investigate the biological effects of vapor from a novel tobacco vapor product (NTV) in comparison with cigarette smoke (CS) from a 3R4F reference cigarette by using two types of in vitro model. Materials and Methods: A two-dimensional (2D) culture system composed of a submerged monolayer of BEAS-2B cells was used to detect cellular oxidative stress responses. A three-dimensional (3D) culture system composed of a pseudostratified air–liquid interface culture of normal human bronchial epithelial cells was used to detect tissue inflammation. In both culture systems, exposures were conducted with an aqueous extract (AqE) of NTV vapor or CS. Results: In the 2D culture system, exposure to CS AqE induced glutathione oxidization and antioxidant response element reporter gene activation. NTV vapor AqE also induced reporter gene activity, but the concentration required for activation was higher than that of CS AqE. In the 3D culture system, exposure to CS AqE increased the secretion of various inflammatory mediators. In contrast, the effect of NTV vapor AqE on tissue inflammation was limited, and only interferon-γ showed a slight increase in expression. Conclusions: Overall, these results demonstrate that NTV vapor has fewer effects on cellular oxidative stress and tissue inflammatory responses as compared with CS in in vitro models using human cells.
Highlights
Because of the rising popularity of novel tobacco products, there has been an increasing interest in the biological effects of these products
A normal human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) cultivated under submerged conditions was used as a 2Dculture system of human bronchial epithelia and experimentally exposed to 3R4F cigarette smoke (CS) or novel tobacco vapor product (NTV) vapor aqueous extract (AqE) (Fig. 1A)
Because nicotine is present in both test products, we analyzed the nicotine concentration in the test product AqEs collected under the same conditions as the biological test
Summary
Because of the rising popularity of novel tobacco products, there has been an increasing interest in the biological effects of these products. A three-dimensional (3D) culture system composed of a pseudostratified air–liquid interface culture of normal human bronchial epithelial cells was used to detect tissue inflammation. In both culture systems, exposures were conducted with an aqueous extract (AqE) of NTV vapor or CS. Results: In the 2D culture system, exposure to CS AqE induced glutathione oxidization and antioxidant response element reporter gene activation. Conclusions: Overall, these results demonstrate that NTV vapor has fewer effects on cellular oxidative stress and tissue inflammatory responses as compared with CS in in vitro models using human cells. Because there is insufficient epidemiological data on long-term NTV use and associated health outcomes, it is still debatable whether using NTV instead of cigarettes has any benefit to public health by reducing the incidence of smoking-related diseases
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