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Abstract
Carbon nanoparticles have consistently been of great interest in medicine. However, there are currently no clinical materials based on carbon nanoparticles, due to inconsistent biodistribution and excretion data. In this work, we have synthesized a novel C60 derivative with a metal chelating agent (1,4,7-Triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid; NOTA) covalently bound to the C60 cage and radiolabeled with copper-64 (t1/2 = 12.7 h). Biodistribution of the material was assessed in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET). Bingel-Hirsch chemistry was employed to functionalize the fullerene cage with highly water-soluble serinolamide groups allowing this new C60 conjugate to clear quickly from mice almost exclusively through the kidneys. Comparing the present results to the larger context of reports of biocompatible fullerene derivatives, this work offers an important evaluation of the in vivo biodistribution, using experimental evidence to establish functionalization guidelines for future C60-based biomedical platforms.
Highlights
Nanoparticles such as silicon nanoparticles [1], superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles [2], and carbon nanotubes [3,4,5] have been studied extensively for biomedical applications as they constitute a promising platform upon which therapeutic, imaging, and/or targeting agents can be loaded [6,7,8]
The structure of a C60 -serinol derivative amenable to positron emission tomography (PET) imaging was constructed to include a chelate that could be radiolabeled with copper-64
The C60 -NOTA conjugate was synthesized according to the procedure outlined in Experimental Section 2.1 (Figure 2)
Summary
Nanoparticles such as silicon nanoparticles [1], superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles [2], and carbon nanotubes [3,4,5] have been studied extensively for biomedical applications as they constitute a promising platform upon which therapeutic, imaging, and/or targeting agents can be loaded [6,7,8]. C60 fullerene shows promise for biomedical applications because this multi-functional platform has a variety of inherent advantages [9]. C60 can be chemically decorated with molecular targeting agents [23,24], imaging agents [25,26,27], and anticancer drugs [24,28,29,30,31] to be used as a therapeutic delivery vector, a diagnostic agent, or a combination of the two (known as a theranostic agent)
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