Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the smile attractiveness of different gingival zeniths by general dentists, orthodontists and laypersons and the esthetic perception in the symmetric and asymmetric changes in gingival zeniths. Methods: Posed photographs of five patients were taken and digitally manipulated in Keynote software, in the gingival zenith region, in increments of 0.5 to 1mm in maxillary central and lateral incisors, symmetrically and asymmetrically, in nine different ways for each patient. The photos were then uploaded to a website, where evaluators (general dentists, orthodontists and laypersons) could observe and vote according to their esthetic perception, scoring from 1 to 10, 1 being the least attractive and 10 the more attractive. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparison. Results: Asymmetric gingival zeniths were less attractive than symmetrical gingival zeniths; gingival zenith differences greater than 1mm were perceptible in the smile attractiveness, both by laypersons, general dentists and orthodontists. When comparing maxillary central incisors with maxillary lateral incisors, the aesthetic change performed in the central incisors are more perceptible than those performed in lateral incisors, both symmetrical and asymmetrical. In a general way, orthodontists and general dentists are more critical in the evaluation and perception of gingival zenith changes, with the laypersons perceiving this change only from 1mm of maxillary right central incisor asymmetrical change. Conclusions: Asymmetric gingival zeniths are less attractive than symmetrical ones. Gingival zenith differences greater than 1mm are perceptible in the smile attractiveness. Orthodontists and general dentists are more critical in evaluating smile esthetics.
Highlights
Dentofacial aesthetics have a great importance in social attractiveness of the individual, and in this context the maxillary incisors play a fundamental role
Esthetic Dentistry is, more and more, arousing interest and playing an important role in the dentists clinical routine, as well as in patients’ lives, especially nowadays where media promotes the beauty in wonderful faces and perfect smiles, and they are all related with good health and mental/physical well-being.[4]
In an evaluation of what would be less aesthetic between asymmetries of the incisal edges or asymmetries of the gingival margins, laypersons and dental professionals considered the latter less attractive.[6]
Summary
Dentofacial aesthetics have a great importance in social attractiveness of the individual, and in this context the maxillary incisors play a fundamental role. Patients who have a normal and aligned relationship of the incisors have generally been classified as more friendly, popular, intelligent and with greater chances of getting a job than individuals who present disharmony in these teeth.[1,2] The perception of dental aesthetics, varies significantly among patients and professionals from different areas, despite substantial efforts to establish common treatment parameters.[3] Esthetic Dentistry is, more and more, arousing interest and playing an important role in the dentists clinical routine, as well as in patients’ lives, especially nowadays where media promotes the beauty in wonderful faces and perfect smiles, and they are all related with good health and mental/physical well-being.[4] The integration among various specialties became basic and necessary in today’s dentistry to perform a complete dental treatment. In an evaluation of what would be less aesthetic between asymmetries of the incisal edges or asymmetries of the gingival margins, laypersons and dental professionals considered the latter less attractive.[6]
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