Abstract
One of the main environmental problems presented by the textile industry is the generation of effluents containing synthetic dyes. Because of that, studies have been carried out in order to remove or degrade the dyes present in wastewater and thus, the adsorption process in polymeric matrices has been highlighted due to its low cost and high efficiency in bioremediation. In this context, it was verified the potential of biodegradation of the anthraquinone C. I. Reactive Blue 4 HFG textile dye (Dianativo®) by water kefir grains, as well as the application of the insoluble exopolysaccharide produced by the grains as an adsorbent of the dye, evaluating the effect of pH and initial concentration of dyes in the reduction of staining in a model system. The grains and their insoluble polysaccharide matrix were presented as capable of decolourizing dye solutions under the evaluated conditions, reducing the dye concentration in the solution by up to 92%.
Highlights
The textile industry plays an important role in society, providing cloth for various applications, what is considered essential for human beings (Amaral et al, 2018)
This sector causes severe environmental impacts, out of which, one of the main ones is the generation of effluents containing a significant concentration of textile dyes, which, even at concentrations close to 1ppm, are detectable with the naked eye, making it impossible to reuse water in the dyeing process (Guaratini & Zanoni, 2000)
Water kefir grains were donated by the Bioprocesses laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA) from the University of São Paulo (USP) and were kept at 5 oC in brown sugar solution (8%), changed weekly
Summary
The textile industry plays an important role in society, providing cloth for various applications, what is considered essential for human beings (Amaral et al, 2018). This sector causes severe environmental impacts, out of which, one of the main ones is the generation of effluents containing a significant concentration of textile dyes, which, even at concentrations close to 1ppm, are detectable with the naked eye, making it impossible to reuse water in the dyeing process (Guaratini & Zanoni, 2000). Some of the molecules used as dyes, such as recalcitrant molecules, present risks to the environment, having toxic and carcinogenic effects in living beings (Guaratini & Zanoni, 2000; Jaikumar & Ramamurthi, 2009; Rani et al, 2014; Ardila-Leal et al, 2021)
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