Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is among the common nosocomial infections microorganisms in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the major significant concerns in developing nations due to either over-use or inadequate use of antimicrobial agents. The purpose of this study was to emphasize the potential antimicrobial activity of Nepeta cataria and Basella alba against nosocomial diseases caused by Acinetobacter baumannii. Nepeta cataria and Basella alba leaves were collected from Oldonyo Sabuk National Park and Botanical garden JKUAT respectively. The leaves were dried under shade at room temperature for thirty days. After methanolic and aqueous plant extraction, the percentage yield was determined, and the extracts were subjected to toxicity testing using brine shrimp eggs and preliminary phytochemical screening. The results recorded from this study demonstrated that 70% methanolic extract of Nepeta cataria and Basella alba had greater antimicrobial effect against Acinetobacter baumannii than aqueous extracts. Nepeta cataria extracts showed greater antimicrobial effect than Basella alba extracts. The methanolic plant extracts had MIC values 60 mg/ml when tested against Acinetobacter baumannii. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of various phytochemical constituents from the methanolic and aqueous extraction of Nepeta cataria and Basella alba. The methanolic plant extracts revealed more phytochemicals as compared to aqueous extracts. More phytochemicals were detected from Nepeta cataria than Basella alba plant extracts.
Highlights
Acinetobacter species, ubiquitous Gram-negative coccobacilli, are widespread in nature, water and soil
The purpose of this study was to emphasize the potential antimicrobial activity of Nepeta cataria and Basella alba against nosocomial diseases caused by Acinetobacter baumannii
The results recorded from this study demonstrated that 70% methanolic extract of Nepeta cataria and Basella alba had greater antimicrobial effect against Acinetobacter baumannii than aqueous extracts
Summary
Acinetobacter species, ubiquitous Gram-negative coccobacilli, are widespread in nature, water and soil. Numerous works have been done to isolate and characterize bioactive compounds from plant resources that are active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi and viruses. A previous study reported that flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds are active against Acinetobacter [3]. The pharmacological properties of numerous medicinal plants and opportunities in phytotherapy have been explored through research projects, reviews, and monographs. These studies confirm that medicinal plants offer new approaches to tackling diseases [4] [5] [6]. Plant products derived from barks, leaves, flowers, roots, fruits or seeds have been part of phytomedicines from ancient days and they are the source of most natural and synthetic drugs [7]
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