Abstract
9-Oxo-agerophorone is a cadinene sesquiterpene, isolated from the leaves of Eupatorium adenophorum. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of 9-oxo-agerophorone against three strains of Ralstonia solanacearum and four pathogenic fungi, with an emphasis on the growth and morphogenesis of fungi at scanning electron microscopy level. The determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations demonstrated that 9-oxo-agerophorone exhibited moderate bactericidal activity against R. solanacearum strains. However, antifungal assays showed that 9-oxo-agerophorone has strong toxicity against Fusarium oxysporum, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium proliferatum, and Alternaria tenuissima with median lethal concentrations ranging from 0.476 to 0.357 mg ml−1 after 4 days incubation on potato dextrose agar medium. The main changes observed by scanning electron microscopy after 9-oxo-agerophorone treatment were fungal cell wall shrinkage, loss of conidia, formation of short branches in F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum, collapse, broken cell walls, and increased hyphae diameter in A. tenuissima. The tested treatments were also effective in inhibiting spore germination of Fusarium species. The results indicated that 9-oxo-agerophorone is a potential candidate as a phytotherapeutic agent for soil-borne fungal diseases.
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