Evaluation of the antigenotoxic and antioxidant activity induced by Croton antisyphiliticus.

Regildo M.G Da Silva,Paulo C Ferreira,Filipe O Granero,Amanda C Gomes,Célia C.M Figueiredo,Luciana P Silva,Patrícia S Santiago

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202020190047

Regildo M.G Da Silva, Paulo C Ferreira + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020190047

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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate antigenotoxicity and antioxidant potential of extract, fractions and vitexin from C. antisyphiliticus. Methanolic extract was fractionated through solvents of increasing polarity. The composition of extracts and fractions were evaluated through phytochemical screening. Micronucleus test was performed in mice to evaluate the antigenotoxicity. Antioxidant activity was measured using the assay 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), iron ion chelating, thiobarbituric acid assay and nitric oxide scavenging. Treatment with extract, fractions and vitexin did not produce an increase in Micronucleus mean values. However, Micronucleus (MN) mean values decreased in relation to control. methanolic extract presented antioxidant potential for DPPH (81%), iron ion chelating (77.8%), Thiobarbituric Acid (TBARS) (32.49%) and Nitric Oxide (NO) (80.97%). Ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity (65.46%). The vitexin showed a Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) of DPPH value smaller in relation to control. Vitexin flavonoid was detected by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), infrared spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. It can be inferred that methanolic extract, fraction ethyl acetate and vitexin isolated from C. antisyphiliticus is endowed with antigenotoxic and antioxidant potential.

Highlights

The Croton species is the second largest group of Euphorbiaceae family, comprising about 1,250 species, approximately 350 of which are found in Brazil (Braga et al 2007)
Analysis of the methanolic extract (Figure 1a) and ethyl acetate fraction (Figure 1b) obtained from High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed the presence of six different flavonoids: kaempferol (1), orientin (2), rutin (3), vitexin (4), quercetin (5) and myricetin (6) when compared with flavonoid controls (Figure 1c)
Results of MNPCE frequency analysis for groups treated with methanolic extract, fraction (Ethyl Acetate), vitexin isolated from C. antisyphiliticus and standard vitexin in association with Cyclophosphamide to evaluate antigenotoxic activity

Summary

Introduction

The Croton species is the second largest group of Euphorbiaceae family, comprising about 1,250 species, approximately 350 of which are found in Brazil (Braga et al 2007). Pharmacological studies of extracts and compounds isolated from C. species had shown important therapeutic action with emphasis on their antilipidemic, antidiarrheic, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor activities (Júnior et al 2014, Brito et al 2018). Phytochemical studies have demonstrated which classes of compounds are present in this genus, for example volatile oil, alkaloid, proanthocyanidin, flavonoids and mainly diterpenoid esters such as phorbols, clerodanes, labdanes, kauranes and trachylobanes (Motta et al 2013). It is used in folkloric medicine to treat syphilis, rheumatisms, ulcerative lesions, cancer and inflammatory disorders. Studies about therapeutic and pharmacological properties of C. antisyphiliticus have demonstrated antimicrobial, antiinflammatory and cytotoxic activity in tumor cells (Fernandes et al 2013)

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