Evaluation of the Anticancer, Antidiabetic, and In vitro Wound Healing Properties of the Aqueous and Ethanolic Extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L

Abstract

ABSTRACT Cancer, diabetes, and wounds are critical health challenges affecting millions of people worldwide. Cancer arises from the transformation of normal cells into tumor cells, leading to uncontrolled growth and potential spread to other parts of the body. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, and wounds can result from various injuries and diseases. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis for its anticancer, antidiabetic, and in vitro wound healing activities. The anticancer activity of the ethanolic extract of H. rosa-sinensis was evaluated using the MTT (3- [4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, which showed a concentration-dependent decrease in cell proliferation and growth. The extract exhibited promising anticancer potential, which could help control cancer progression. For the antidiabetic activity, we assessed α-amylase inhibition using a colorimetric method. The extract demonstrated substantial α-amylase inhibitory activity, comparable with the standard metformin. This indicates its potential in reducing postprandial blood sugar spikes in diabetic patients. In the in vitro wound healing activity, a scratch assay was performed to measure cell migration and growth. The results showed that H. rosa-sinensis extract promoted wound closure similar to the control. The extract’s wound healing properties suggest its potential use in managing various types of wounds. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of key bioactive compounds in both ethanolic and aqueous extracts of H. rosa-sinensis, supporting the observed therapeutic effects. In conclusion, H. rosa-sinensis holds promise as a potential source of novel therapeutic agent for cancer, diabetes, and wound management. The results from this study provide valuable insights into the plant’s pharmacological activities and may pave the way for the development of new herbal-based treatments for these conditions.