Abstract
Background: In contributing to solving the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance, an in- vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial potential of ethyl alcohol leaf extract of Chrysophyllum albidum (G. Don)against five clinical pathogenic microorganisms namely: Escherichia coli (EC), Proteus mirabilis (PM), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), Staphylococcus aureus (SA), and Salmonella typhimurium (ST).Methods: Agar well diffusion method was adopted and the exhibited zones of inhibition by the isolates were measured, and taken as the antimicrobial potential of the extract. Phytochemical screening of the leaf extract revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides. Sixteen different concentrations (0.003 – 100 mg/mL) of the extract were prepared to establish the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Results: The MICs ranged between 0.006 - 0.195 mg/mL. SA with MIC of0.006 mg/mL was the most sensitive isolate to the extract while E. coli was actively resistant. PA was resistant to all the tested (control) commercial antibiotics but highly sensitive to the extractwith MIC of 0.195mg/mL. Conclusion: It was concluded that C. albidum is a medicinal plant possessing a broad spectrum antimicrobial activities and hence could be explored for the production of antibiotic by phyto-pharmaceutical establishments.
Highlights
The resistance of many medically important pathogenic organisms to many commercial antibiotics has propelled researchers and scientists to keep on sourcing for alternatives among which medicinal plant with biologically active compounds against many pathogenic microorganisms have come to limelight [1]
The use of plant products as therapeutic agents dated back over five thousand years ago [2]. It was reported by Friedman et al and Serafino et al [3, 4] that the effectiveness of many plant extracts by far outweighs that of synthetic drugs coupled with the fact that medicinal plants have little or no side effects
The leaves were spread on flat platform, air dried for three weeks under the shade and thereafter pulverized using Thomas-Willey® machine. 1kg (1000 g) of the powdered leaves was soaked in 5000 mL (5 litres) ethyl alcohol for 72 hours and well stirred at the intervals of 8 hours for effective extraction
Summary
The resistance of many medically important pathogenic organisms to many commercial antibiotics has propelled researchers and scientists to keep on sourcing for alternatives among which medicinal plant with biologically active compounds against many pathogenic microorganisms have come to limelight [1]. The use of plant products as therapeutic agents dated back over five thousand years ago [2]. It was reported by Friedman et al and Serafino et al [3, 4] that the effectiveness of many plant extracts by far outweighs that of synthetic drugs coupled with the fact that medicinal plants have little or no side effects. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to all the tested (control) commercial antibiotics but highly sensitive to the extract with MIC of 0.195 mg/mL respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that C. albidum is a medicinal plant possessing a broad spectrum antimicrobial activities and could be explored for the production of antibiotic by phyto-pharmaceutical establishments
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