Abstract
BackgroundOne of the most important complications of fixed orthodontic treatment is the formation of white spots which are initial carious lesions. Addition of antimicrobial agents into orthodontic adhesives might be a wise solution for prevention of white spot formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of a conventional orthodontic adhesive containing three different concentrations of silver/hydroxyapatite nanoparticles.MethodsOne hundred and sixty-two Transbond XT composite discs containing 0, 1, 5, and 10 % silver/hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were prepared and sterilized. Antibacterial properties of these composite groups against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Streptococcus sanguinis were investigated using three different antimicrobial tests. Disk agar diffusion test was performed to assess the diffusion of antibacterial agent on brain heart infusion agar plate by measuring bacterial growth inhibition zones. Biofilm inhibition test showed the antibacterial capacity of composite discs against resistant bacterial biofilms. Antimicrobial activity of eluted components from composite discs was investigated by comparing the viable counts of bacteria after 3, 15, and 30 days.ResultsComposite discs containing 5 and 10 % silver/hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were capable of producing growth inhibition zones for all bacterial types. Results of biofilm inhibition test showed that all of the study groups reduced viable bacterial count in comparison to the control group. Antimicrobial activity of eluted components from composite discs was immensely diverse based on the bacterial type and the concentration of nanoparticles.ConclusionsTransbond XT composite discs containing 5 and 10 % silver/hydroxyapatite nanoparticles produce bacterial growth inhibition zones and show antibacterial properties against biofilms.
Highlights
One of the most important complications of fixed orthodontic treatment is the formation of white spots which are initial carious lesions
Brackets and orthodontic accessories facilitate plaque accumulation and compromise oral hygiene maintenance which lead to an increase in oral bacteria count during orthodontic treatment [2,3,4,5]
The formation of silver nanoparticles incorporated in the HA composite was studied by the XRD pattern of the antibacterial effects of silver/hydroxyapatite (Ag/HA) sample using a Holland Philips Xpert X-ray diffractometer (CuKα) (Fig. 1)
Summary
One of the most important complications of fixed orthodontic treatment is the formation of white spots which are initial carious lesions. Addition of antimicrobial agents into orthodontic adhesives might be a wise solution for prevention of white spot formation. One of the most important complications of fixed orthodontic treatment is enamel demineralization [1]. Despite myriad progresses in orthodontics, fixed orthodontic treatment is still accompanied with a high risk of formation of white spot lesions which are found in more than 50% of orthodontic patients. One possible solution could be incorporation of antimicrobial agents into the orthodontic adhesives. In this regard, the addition of chlorhexidine and fluoride into adhesives has been suggested in some studies. The improper mechanical properties of the resultant adhesives as well as the short-term antimicrobial effects of these agents have made this approach questionable [10,11,12,13,14]
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