Abstract
Sunflower oil has several properties that are valuable to the human skin and health; however, they are target of adulterations. In this study, in order to evaluate the authenticity of edible and cosmetics based on sunflower oils, the triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles using direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), the fatty acid (FA) composition by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and principal component analysis, of seven commercial samples were determined and the results obtained were compared with the pure sunflower and soybean oils. Of the seven brands analyzed, just one sample presented only sunflower oil in its composition; two stated in the label soybean addition; and four did not present the real composition of the product in the label. Therefore, GC-FID and ESI-MS analysis in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that they are complementary techniques and could be applied in food industries to assess the quality of vegetable oils, since results showed the need for stricter quality control for this product.
Highlights
Sunflower oil is obtained from the seed of the Helianthus annuus L
The 18:3n-3 is one of the most distinctive fatty acid (FA) on their composition, since soybean oil is a source of alpha-linolenic acid (LNA).[31,32]
The 18:3n-3 FA should be found up to 0.3% in sunflower oil, and from 4.5 to 11.0% for soybean oil, to consider these vegetable oils, into the limits established by Codex Standard for Named Vegetable Oils.[19]
Summary
Sunflower oil is obtained from the seed of the Helianthus annuus L. Sunflower seeds have approximately 24 and 47% of proteins and lipids, respectively, and its lipid fraction is made up mostly of triacylglycerols (TAGs), monoacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, free fatty acids (FAs), vitamins and pigments.[1,2,3,4]. Sunflower oil has a light color, with characteristic odor and flavor. It is used in food preparation, such as salads, stews, preserves and fine dishes, and it has health benefits such as improving cardiovascular health and controlling blood low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels.[3,5] In cosmetics, it is cost-effective to use in face and body moisturizer formulations, with extreme importance for the maintenance of skin health, with moisturizing action and the modulation of the lipid barrier, used as active ingredients of various cosmetic preparations, such as lotions, creams and body oils emollient.[6] In addition, studies[2,7,8] show that sunflower oil has positive effects on burn healing, being
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