Abstract
The combination of the synthesized multicomponent bifunctional catalytic complex (MBC) components with heavy oil residues (HOR) of the paraffin-naphthenic (P-N) base leads to the chemical structuring of the hydrocarbon (HC) segments of the raw material molecules, and the specifics of HOR physicochemical structure, which will be the criteria for the selection of modifiers with a certain chemical nature [1,2,3,4]. It has been established that the introduction of catalytic activators in the tar composition promotes both the intensification of the oxidation process and the production of bituminous insulating material (BIM) with high physicomechanical properties [1,2,4].Raw materials for the production of special bituminous materials must be highly resinous with a P-HC content of up to 3% by weight. Based on the works by A.S. Kolbanovskaya [6], this is explained by the fact that the dispersed structure of bitumen is significantly dependent on the content of P-HC, since the dispersed phase in the oils is formed by naphthenic (N-) and PN-A-HC at certain temperatures with the side chains of the paraffinic P-HC series. If their content is more than 3% by weight the crystallization skeleton of P-HC is developed, which provides stiffness and reduces the plasticity interval for the system. Together with this, it is known that in the process of HOR oxidation the amount of low-molecular-weight oil A-HC decreases continuously, and the relative amount of PN-HC increases. Due to this, the affinity of the dispersion medium (DM) decreases to asphaltenes [7,8,9], which, moreover, becomes larger, which leads to THE deterioration of the cohesion and adhesion-strength properties of BIM.
Highlights
According to the physico-chemical mechanics of petroleum disperse systems (FCM PDS), the correct understanding of the composition and the structure of heavy oil residues (HOR) raw materials makes it possible to solve the problems of qualitative bituminous insulating material (BIM) creation scientifically [1,2,7,8]
It was established that the byproduct provides a light oxidizability for coatings, since it contains the components actively interacting with air oxygen, namely unsaturated acids, mixed with rosin acids. To ensure that both the total ether and the acid were involved in the subsequent film formation of the bitumen solution in various media, KPSO and byproduct were introduced into the tar with an intensive stirring and the temperatures up to 180 °C, since it is known that unsaturated acids are not able to form a solid film as the result of oxidative polymerization
The study of the experimental data characterizing the change of proton P2i populations with Texp (Fig. 4a) increase the tar-byproduct - KPSO shows the symbasis of P2B and P2C and the antibate nature of P2A values from P2B,C
Summary
According to the physico-chemical mechanics of petroleum disperse systems (FCM PDS), the correct understanding of the composition and the structure of HOR raw materials makes it possible to solve the problems of qualitative BIM creation scientifically [1,2,7,8]. Raw materials for insulating bitumen obtaining should be highly resinous with a minimum content of PN-HC. In the process of HOR processing, in particular, the tar of the Elkhovsky NPJSC of PJSC Tatneft or the ENPU, the PN-HC base, it becomes necessary to use such chemically active modifiers which would subject the paraffin chain segments to chemical structuring with the subsequent formation of macromolecular polycyclic naphthenic fragments due to an effective intermolecular diffusion [1 , 2,4,5,7]
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