Abstract
The issue of achieving sustainable livelihoods (SL) is a persistent problem that has gained significant interest for all countries. Even though contexts of vulnerability have been highlighted to be critical to SL, the difference of SL under vulnerability contexts, particularly disaster, has been ignored. As one disaster-prone area, there is an urgent need to conduct studies on SL in Shenzha, within the context of the construction of a national park. This paper proposes to address this research gap by evaluating SL under various disaster contexts in Shenzha, China. According to the frequency of natural disasters, towns in Shenzha can be divided into three groups: Snowstorm and windstorm-dominated towns (SWT), mixed towns (MT) and drought-dominated towns (DT). The results showed that (1) a great disparity of SL can be observed among the three vulnerability groups. The scores of these SL were sorted into descending order as: DT > SWT > MT. (2) In detail, herdsmen in DT have a high value of SL because they have high livelihood assets, livelihood strategies and disaster management capabilities. (3) Herdsmen in SWT have high livelihood assets, particularly human and financial assets, and livelihood strategies. (4) The low livelihood assets and livelihood strategies have restricted the SL of herdsmen in MT. An analysis of SL under various disaster contexts helped to depict the characteristics of SL. Accordingly, targeted policies were developed for the development of SL under various disaster contexts.
Highlights
The long-lasting climate change on a global scale will continue to change for decades, at rates projected to be unprecedented in human history [1]
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The vulnerability contexts in Shenzha, Tibet are quite complex
Summary
The long-lasting climate change on a global scale will continue to change for decades, at rates projected to be unprecedented in human history [1]. Global climate change research in recent years has seen increasing interest in livelihoods enhancement [2]. Livelihoods are a combination of resources, which include capabilities, assets and activities that are necessary for the support of living activities [3,4]. Even though the rate of global poverty has been decreased sharply since 2000, the issue of livelihoods is a persistent issue worldwide. Livelihoods are considered to be sustainable only if they can cope with and recover from stress and shocks, as well as maintain and strengthen assets, activities and capabilities without destroying the natural resource base [5]. Studies on sustainable livelihoods (SL) have direct implications in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which is a global development agenda issued by the United Nations (UN) in 2015 [6]
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