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Abstract
In assessing surgical risk, appropriate preoperative evaluation should systematically address a patient's pre-existing medical conditions and identifies unrecognized comorbidities, ideally leading to the anticipation and treatment of potential complications both pre- and postoperation. Thus, a thorough evaluation of the patient history and physical examination is essential. Various risk assessments discussed in this review are those for cardiac, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, and hematologic concerns. Cardiac risk assessment focuses on patient-related risk factors, including coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, valvular heart disease, arrhythmias and conduction defects, implanted pacemakers and implantable cardiac defibrillators, cardiomyopathy, and hypertension. The pulmonary patient-related risk factors are explored and include age and general health status, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, pulmonary hypertension, and heart failure. Preoperative medication management is also explored. This review contains 3 figures, 31 tables, and 75 references. Key words: surgical risk calculators, cardiac complications, coronary artery disease, hypertension, perioperative, cardiac risk assessment, preoperative evaluation
Published Version
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