Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the work of a two types of household sewage treatment plant: wetland wastewater treatment plant (ORS type) and treatment plant of SBR type (SBR-K-6 type). Physicochemical analyses of selected pollution indices (BOD5, COD, total suspension, total phosphorus) and surfactants were carried out and compared with currently applicable values of such indexes according to the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment in Poland on the conditions to be met when discharging sewage into water or soil, and on the substances particularly harmful to the aquatic environment. The removal efficiency of organic compounds, expressed as COD and BOD5, reached the threshold of 90%, which is required in regulations. In contrast, the effects of removal of biogenic compounds were low – in case of total nitrogen the removal rate reached approx. 40% and the desired admissible concentration of 30 mg N/L was not achieved. The reduction efficiency of total suspended solids reached 57.0 and 59.6% for the ORS and SBR-K-6 type objects, respectively, and therefore the required threshold of minimum 90% was not reached. Anionic surfactants were removed by up to 98 and 88% in the ORS and SBR-K-6 type wastewater treatment plants, respectively. Lower removal efficiency was achieved in case on non-ionic surfactants, which reached 76% for the ORS type object and 56% for the SBR-K-6 type object. This article proven high wastewater treatment efficiency and lower than necessary concentrations in the effluent from domestic wastewater treatment plants may be achieved mainly by proper exploitation of the devices and appropriately selected vegetation.
Highlights
IntroductionThe wastewater management is not adequately regulated in rural areas. Due to considerable distances between buildings and frequently occurring inconvenientJ Environ Health Sci Engineer (2019) 17:1257–126481 thousand tons
The increasing demand for different types of surface active products in numerous branches of everyday life, which contributes to their increasing production, resulted in the fact that currently this is the main source of synthetic organic carbon introduced into surface water
On the basis of conducted studies it was established that both ORS and SBR-K-6 type wastewater treatment plants comply with the requirements regarding chemical and biochemical oxygen demand
Summary
The wastewater management is not adequately regulated in rural areas. Due to considerable distances between buildings and frequently occurring inconvenientJ Environ Health Sci Engineer (2019) 17:1257–126481 thousand tons. Applied at high amounts these compounds are the main source of organic carbon They enter the aqueous environment as detergents in the form of washing agents, cleaners, emulgators and additives [9]. Their detergent properties, i.e. their ability to remove stains from the surface of solids and keep them dispersed in the washing solution, contribute to their broad spectrum of applications. Anionic and non-ionic surfactants are the main components of detergents, which display a tendency to gather at the interfacial boundary (e.g. solid/liquid) due to the fact that they comprise both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups in their structure Their adsorption properties enable the wetting of substances as well as the removal and dispersion of dirt particles
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