Abstract
Aim:The aim was to evaluate the effect of multiple oral administration of bisphenol A (BPA) for 28 days on seminal characteristic on mammal using Wistar rat as a model.Materials and Methods:Rats were randomly divided into five different groups having 6 male rats in each group. The doses chosen were 50, 200, and 600 mg/kg body weight for Groups III, IV and V, respectively, based on preliminary dose range finding study and Group II served as vehicle control and Group I was negative control.Results:Reproductive study in the BPA-treated rats on day 28 revealed that there was significant (p≤0.05) reduction in the epididymal sperm count of rats of Group IV and significant (p≤0.01) decrease in Group V. Sperm motility percentage, dead count percentage, head and tail abnormality percentage were found to be significantly (p≤0.01) increased in rats of BPA-treated groups as compared to rats of control groups. Testes showed necrosis of germinal layer and spermatogonial cells in the seminiferous tubules. Hematological examination revealed significant (p≤0.01) decrease in the mean values of total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), hemoglobin, packed cell volume, and there was also significant (p≤0.05) lymphocytopenia in treated animals.Conclusion:It can be concluded from this study that subacute toxicity of BPA caused a reduction in the epididymal sperm count, sperm motility, dead count, head and tail abnormality, as well as hematological indices such as TLC, TEC etc. Hence, it appears that BPA affects the germ cells leading to impairment in the spermatogenesis, and thus having its property as reproductive toxicant and it also suppresses bone marrow functioning, which leads to normocytic hypochromic anemia in rats.
Highlights
India is widely developing country, and its lifestyle is largely on a change
Epididymal sperm evaluation e.g., epididymal sperm count (×106 sperms/ml), epididymal sperm motility (%), dead sperm count (%), abnormal head sperm (%), and abnormal tail sperm (%) in different groups of rats treated with bisphenol A (BPA) at different dose levels have been shown in Table-1
Hematological parameters e.g., total erythrocyte count (TEC) (106/μl), hemoglobin (Hb) (g/dl), packed cell volume (PCV) (%), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular Hb (MCH), MCH concentration (MCHC) (g/dl), total leukocyte count (TLC) (103/μl), and differential leukocytic count (%) in different groups of rats treated with BPA at different dose levels have been shown in Table-2
Summary
India is widely developing country, and its lifestyle is largely on a change. In this scenario, plastic is sufficiently being used in all spheres of life. Bisphenol A (BPA) is being used in the manufacturing of several types of plastics including polycarbonates, epoxy resins, and polyvinyl chloride [1]. The concern about potential exposure of BPA is based on reports indicating leaching of BPA from plastics [2,3,4] and food cans lined with epoxy resins [5]. BPA molecules linking with ester bond in polycarbonate and resins is subject to hydrolysis, resulting in leaching of BPA monomer even from polycarbonate and resins into the water at room temperature [6]
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