Evaluation of Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis Benefits and Outcomes: A Simple Literature Review

Abstract

Background: One of the commonest complications in critically ill patients is stress related mucosal disease (SRMD). It can be associated with increase in the risk of development of overt gastrointestinal bleeding. As a result, a lot of literatures have been done to evaluate the pathogenesis that stands behind its development, and assessment of the measures that can be used to lower the risk of its 'occurrence. Aim of the Work: In this review we aimed at discussing the pathogenesis that stands behind stress ulcer development, Also, discussing the role of anta- acid as a prophylaxis against harms and benefits. In addition to providing an intensive study that analyzed the recent literatures considered this field of study. Methodology: A comprehensive search was done using biomedical databases; Medline, and Pubmed, for studies concerned with assessment of stress ulcer prophylaxis. Keywords used in our search through the databases were as; “stress ulcer”, “stress ulcer prophylaxis”, “stress ulcer in ICU patients”. Conclusion: Stress related mucosal disease is associated with increase in the risk of clinically overt gastrointestinal bleeding. As a result, patients who require mechanically ventilation for more than 48 h and those with a manifest of coagulopathy are highly recommended for having stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP). Anta- acid such as Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) help in prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding, but did not have any effect on mortality risk reduction. Still further prospective randomizes trials needs to be done to evaluate our scientific research survey to guide the physicians in making a decision about the use of SUP in ICU patients.