Abstract
Competitive price pressure and economic cost pressure constantly force airlines to improve their optimization strategies. Besides predictable operational costs, delay costs are a significant cost driver for airlines. Especially reactionary delay costs can endanger the profitability of such a company. These time-dependent costs depend on the number of sensitive transfer passengers. This cost component is represented by the number of missed flights and the connectivity of onward flights, i.e., the offer of alternative flight connections. The airline has several options to compensate for reactionary delays, for example, by increasing cruising speeds, shortening turnaround times, rebookings and cancellations. The effects of these options on the cost balance of airline total operating costs have been examined in detail, considering a flight-specific number of transfer passengers. The results have been applied to a 24-h rotation schedule of a large German hub airport. We found, that the fast turnaround and increasing cruise speed are the most effective strategies to compensate for passenger-specific delay costs. The results could be used in a multi-criteria trajectory optimization to find a balance between environmentally-driven and cost-index-driven detours and speed adjustments.
Highlights
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for the standardization of international air traffic formulated its vision of a global, optimally economical, sustainable, and safe Air TrafficManagement (ATM) system in Doc 9854 [1] in 2005
We found a linear relationship between the square root of the maximum take-off weight (MTOW) (t) and the highest number of passengers used in practice with a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.99 and applied Equation (1)
Since the aim of this paper is the monetization of airline delay costs to be considered in a multi-criteria trajectory optimization, only the tactical delay costs and especially the tactical delay costs at the network level are relevant
Summary
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for the standardization of international air traffic formulated its vision of a global, optimally economical, sustainable, and safe Air TrafficManagement (ATM) system in Doc 9854 [1] in 2005. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for the standardization of international air traffic formulated its vision of a global, optimally economical, sustainable, and safe Air Traffic. ICAO defines the necessary instruments, procedures, and implementation data in so-called Aviation System Block Upgrades (ASBU) [2]. Therein, together with the Single European Sky ATM Research Programme (SESAR), ICAO plans to implement Trajectory Based Operations (TBO) by 2028, with the prospect of increasing air traffic efficiency, increasing the safety level, and increasing the environmental compatibility of air traffic. TBOs describe 4D trajectories with binding-time specifications to enable airlines to plan and operate flights individually and dynamically. In contrast to today’s long-term and static flight planning along with a fixed route structure, TBOs enable 4D multi-criteria optimized free routes. TBOs are expected to give air traffic control (ATC) access to the separation-related position data of all aircraft [3,4]
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