Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are a new trend for the vehicle industry, due to the environmental regulations of the internal combustion engine (ICE) and pollutant emission of transportation. However, despite being very promising, the durability of the battery, due to overheating, is still an obstacle. In particular, electric vehicle batteries are manufactured with high voltage and high capacity to ensure power and energy efficiency. For this reason, a high temperature is generated in the system, which reduces the battery performance and life cycle. In this study, three different layouts, based on a direct contact air-cooled system, are designed to compare and improve the cooling performance. Further, a battery cooling test is conducted to verify the designed model. The results show that the spoiler model reduces the maximum battery temperature by (about) 16%, and effectively improves the temperature distribution of the battery cell by (about) 65%, when compared with a conventional cooling method without a spoiler.
Highlights
With the recent reinforcement of environmental regulations for internal combustion engines, more people are looking to eco-friendly electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) [1,2]
The heat transfer coefficients used for convection and outside air temperature were assumed to be natural convection with air, and were set to 5 W/m·K and 25 ◦ C, respectively
A maximum temperature of 34.54 ◦ C was observed for cell 7 in the Z-type model, and a maximum temperature of 33.76 ◦ C was observed for cell 6 in the heatsink model
Summary
With the recent reinforcement of environmental regulations for internal combustion engines, more people are looking to eco-friendly electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) [1,2]. For running an EV or HEV, a Li-ion battery system is essential. Because a series of chemical reactions occur during the use of the battery, heat generation inside the battery is unavoidable [3]. Since the EV battery system has more prominent dynamic characteristics of heat generation than other battery systems, due to frequent load fluctuations, it is important to regulate the battery operating temperature consistently (20 ◦ C to 40 ◦ C) for stable vehicle performance [4]. It is necessary to maintain the proper battery operating temperature, through a thermal management system, for the optimal performance and long-term durability of EVs [7,8]
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