Abstract
Aim:This work was aimed to document the antiviral activates of Spirulina platensis extract against foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) different types to evaluate its replication in Baby Hamster Kidney (BHK) cell culture and in baby mice.Materials and Methods:Cytotoxicity assay studied for S. platensis extract on BHK cells to determine the non-toxic dose. The non-toxic dose of Spirulina extract was mixed with each type of FMDV (A, O, SAT2). Then 10-fold dilutions from each mixture were done. FMDV titer for each type of treated FMDV was calculated to evaluate the antiviral activity of the Spirulina extract against FMDV. Furthermore, old baby Swiss mice were inoculated with 0.1 ml intraperitonially from the mixture of FMDV different types and different concentration of Spirulina extracts. After 48 h post inoculation, all the baby mice examined to evaluate the antiviral action of Spirulina extract.Results:The result showed that the non-toxic doses of S. platensis (50 ug/ml) revealed 35.7%, 28.5%, and 31% reductions in FMDV titers Type O, A, and SAT2 on BHK cells, respectively. The same non-toxic dose gave 50% of the inhibitory concentration in baby mice without cytotoxic effect.Conclusion:This study confirmed the biological activity of the ethanol extract of S. platensis against FMDV Types O, A, and SAT2. From the results, S. platensis could be useful as antiviral lead to limitation of infection among animals during outbreaks but further studies need to evaluate the S. platensis on experimental or natural infected farm animals to establish the effective dose side affected period of treatment of S. platensis.
Highlights
Pharmaceutical drug discoveries, for past 140 years depended largely on the process of empirical screening of a large number of pure compounds
The result showed that the non-toxic doses of S. platensis (50 ug/ml) revealed 35.7%, 28.5%, and 31% reductions in foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) titers Type O, A, and SAT2 on Baby Hamster Kidney (BHK) cells, respectively
This study confirmed the biological activity of the ethanol extract of S. platensis against FMDV Types O, A, and SAT2
Summary
Pharmaceutical drug discoveries, for past 140 years depended largely on the process of empirical screening of a large number of pure compounds. S. platensis is blue-green algae belong to the family of Oscillatoriaceae in the shape of a spiral coil, living both in the sea and freshwater [4,5]. It contains one of the highest protein content of 70% where 18, out of 22, essential amino acids are available. Spirulina has been used as food and nutritional supplements since a long time It is generally a rich source of protein, vitamins, essential amino acids, minerals, essential fatty acids such as ã-linolenic acid and sulfolipid [11]
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